具有迁移效应和隔离措施的COVID-19传播模型分析

基于COVID-19传播过程中人口流动的必然性、无症状感染者的普遍性和隔离策略的有效性,该文提出了一类具有迁移效应、无症状感染者、自我防护意识和隔离策略的COVID-19传播动力学模型,利用下一代矩阵方法给出了各类子系统和全系统基本再生数的精确表达式.进一步地,通过采用线性近似理论,构造Lyapunov函数、比较原理等方法,得到了无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性以及疾病的持久性.最后,数值模拟解释了主要的理论结果以及人口的迁移和隔离对疾病传播的影响.     

隧道爆破力学模型相似材料配比的正交试验

以砂岩作为模拟对象,研究满足隧道爆破力学模型试验要求的相似材料配比问题.基于正交试验法,选取石英砂、重晶石粉、石膏、水泥和水为相似材料,设置以石英砂/固体、水泥/石膏、重晶石粉/(重晶石粉+石英砂)的质量比为3个因素,每个因素3个水平,共9组配比的正交试验方案.通过室内试验,得到相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和声波波速的实测数据.试验结果表明:相似材料的物理力学参数分布范围较广,可满足不同隧道模型试验对相似材料的配比要求.利用极差敏感分析法分析各因素对相似材料参数的敏感性,并通过各因素对相似材料参数影响的直观分析图,分析各因素对相似材料物理力学参数的影响规律.对试验数据进行多元线性回归分析和室内试验,发现最优配合比下的相似材料与原型砂岩的单轴应力-应变曲线具有相似的脆性破坏特征;相似材料物理力学参数的设计值和实测值误差较小.     

考虑外委的露天矿剥岩计划的优化研究

针对“剥岩高峰”对矿山生产带来的不利影响，研究了设备配置更新策略与露天开采外委剥离的优化问题.基于铲运设备的运营成本与生产能力随设备役龄变化的关系，建立了决策单台设备退役时间的动态经济寿命计算模型，并根据此模型给出了具体的设备配置算法步骤.设置一系列不同的矿山自剥离量与外委剥离量的分界水平，计算各分界水平条件下的外委单价可行区间，然后在区间内确定外委商谈价格并分析得出与之对应的总成本净现值最低的外委方案.实例计算证明，采用该方法减少设备投资的成本要高于外委岩石剥离成本.     

人口流动如何影响主观幸福感——基于主观社会地位的中介效应

中国城镇化背景下的大规模人口流动行为一直都是学术界关注的焦点。但是关于人口流动行为与迁移个体的主观幸福感之间的关系依然鲜有研究。采用2014年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据，通过倾向得分匹配法研究迁移人群对幸福感认知的中介作用机制。研究结果发现：迁移行为显著影响了个体的主观幸福感水平；主观社会地位对于迁移行为-主观幸福感的关系具有明显的中介作用。最后，对于该研究的理论贡献和实践意义进行了讨论，并指出了未来的研究方向。     

Space use by two arboreal rodent species in a Neotropical cloud forest

Studying animal space use patterns can help increase our understating of ecological processes such as competition and community dynamics. To quantify space and habitat use in an isolated and patchy cloud forest community in Mexico, we evaluate the vertical stratification, home range and habitat selection of two arboreal rodents: Habromys schmidlyi and Reithrodontomys microdon. Using live-traps at ground level and different forest strata, we radio-equipped nine individuals of H. schmidlyi and seven of R. microdon, and evaluated fine-scale space use and broad-scale habitat selection between cloud forest and oak forest. We found an average home range of 0.24 ha for R. microdon males and 0.72 ha for females, with a preference for higher canopy in the cloud forest. For H. schmidlyi the home range was 0.83 ha for males and 0.29 ha for females, with a preference for the understory level in the cloud forest. Home range is three-dimensional for these rodents, so we estimate that on average, individuals of both species used eight trees in the time they were tracked. We characterised the vegetation at the trap sites, and used recursive partitioning to relate the presence of different plants with the probability of finding these two species and Peromyscus aztecus, a third rodent species also present in the area and considered in our analysis of habitat use. The highest probability of finding R. microdon (96%) was related to the presence of Brachythecium occidentale and Renauldia mexicana, while H. schmidlyi (95%) was found in close proximity to Fabronia ciliaris and Everniastrum. We highlight the importance of arboreal trapping in biodiversity assessments, and the role of arboreal rodents in maintaining tropical forest ecosystems. We suggest that these rodent species could avoid or reduce competition by using the vertical strata differentially, and that H. schmidlyi and R. microdon can be biological indicators for cloud forest management and conservation.     

大尺寸工程模型试验中的相似材料配比试验研究

大型物理模型试验是研究复杂工程问题的重要方法，如何快速、准确地确定相似材料配比是试验中至关重要的一环.为降低试验成本、简化试验步骤、充分调用原料性能，采用河砂、水泥和石膏这三种最普通的原料，以骨胶比(河砂与水泥石膏的质量比)和水膏比(水泥与石膏的质量比)为变量，进行了45组对比试验，对相似材料的物理及动、静力学参数进行了研究.获得了以河砂、水泥和石膏为原料配制的相似材料各物理量的变化区间；探讨了骨胶比和水膏比对相似材料各物理量的控制作用，并对比了其敏感性；基于多元线性回归分析建立了各因素与物理量间的定量关系，得到的拟合公式能较好地描述相似材料的性质.     

Patterning the neuronal cells via inkjet printing of self-assembled peptides on silk scaffolds

The patterning of neuronal cells and guiding neurite growth are important for neuron tissue engineering and cell-based biosensors. In this paper, inkjet printing has been employed to pattern self-assembled I₃QGK peptide nanofibers on silk substrates for guiding the growth of neuron-like PC12 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the dynamic self-assembly of I₃QGK into nanofiber structures. The printed self-assembled peptide strongly adheres to regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) substrates through charge-charge interactions. It was observed that in the absence of I₃QGK, PC12 cells exhibited poor attachment to RSF films, while for RSF surfaces coated or printed with peptide nanofibers, cellular attachment was significantly improved in terms of both cell density and morphology. AFM results revealed that peptide nanofibers can promote the generation of axons and terminal buttons of PC12 cells, indicating that I₃QGK nanofibers not only promote cellular attachment but also facilitate differentiation into neuronal phenotypes. Inkjet printing allows complex patterning of peptide nanofibers onto RSF substrates, which enabled us to engineer cell alignment and provide an opportunity to direct axonal development in vitro. The live/dead assay showed that printed I₃QGK patterns exhibit no cytotoxicity to PC12 cells demonstrating potential for future nerve tissue engineering applications.     

Carbon-free nanoporous gold based membrane electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Nanoporous gold (NPG) membranes made by dealloying consist of a bicontinuous network of Au ligaments and open pore channels, which have gained considerable attention as a platform for the design of carbon-free electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Benefiting from a unique combination of high electronic conductivity, high surface area, and modifiable surface chemistry, these self-supporting membrane type electrodes allow integration of various structural functions required for specific electrode reactions and simultaneously facilitate the entire fuel cell kinetic process. In this review, we summarize the major research progresses in this area, with an emphasis on how to customize the surface structures of these three-dimensional electrocatalysts for desired fuel molecule oxidation and oxidant reduction. We will also discuss these designed structural characteristics that can be readily accommodated in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), thus effectively bridging the technological gap between electrocatalysts’ intrinsic activities and their actual performances in fuel cells.     

江汉盐湖盆地油气形成与运聚特征

为厘清陆相盐湖盆地油气形成和运聚特征，以江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组为研究对象，通过岩芯分析的古生物、地球化学测试数据等，恢复盐湖古环境，分析盐湖沉积特征，厘定烃源岩发育及其演化特征，探讨油气排烃及运聚特征。研究结果表明，盐湖干湿交替周期变化的古气候，造成了湖盆咸淡交替，形成了碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、蒸发岩有规律地韵律沉积，沉积岩性为成分复杂的混积岩；盐湖优质烃源岩发育在咸淡转化期，盐湖烃源岩演化相对滞后，发育未熟低熟油演化阶段；特殊的盐湖沉积特征导致了烃源岩排烃效率低，形成了规模巨大的烃源岩油藏；油气主要沿侧向运移，常规砂岩油藏具有顺层、近源、砂控、源控的特点。陆相盐湖盆地的沉积、油气形成与运聚特征与海相或淡水湖盆具有明显差异性，在勘探中应当引起重视。     

Financial volatility modeling: The feedback asymmetric conditional autoregressive range model

An implied assumption in the asymmetric conditional autoregressive range (ACARR) model is that upward range is independent of downward range. This paper scrutinizes this assumption on a broad variety of stock indices. Instead of independence, we find significant cross‐interdependence between the upward range and the downward range. Regression test shows that the cross‐interdependence cannot be explained by leverage effect. To include the cross‐interdependence, a feedback asymmetric conditional autoregressive range (FACARR) model is proposed. Empirical studies are performed on a variety of stock indices, and the results show that the FACARR model outperforms the ACARR model with high significance for both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting.