共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
晶体硅太阳电池生产中,降低表面反射率能够提高太阳电池短路电流和转换效率.纳米孔硅的表面反射率极低,但报道中所实现的太阳电池输出参数(开路电压、短路电流、填充因子)都低于金字塔结构表面.采用对比法从光学性能、表面微结构和电极接触上对纳米孔硅和金字塔太阳电池进行比较分析,来研究纳米多孔硅太阳电池转换效率的抑制因素.研究表明短时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅太阳电池表面沉积氮化硅钝化膜后的平均反射率提高.长时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅表面沉积氮化硅后在短波段的反射率极低,因此平均反射率小于金字塔结构表面.但是由于纳米孔硅太阳电池的表面复合率高,而孔壁上附着的毛刺不仅会进一步增大表面复合,还会削弱表面钝化效果,因此短波段激发的光生载流子难以被太阳电池利用.所以,光利用和表面复合是抑制纳米孔硅太阳电池开路电压和短路电流的原因,而过大的串联电阻是纳米孔硅太阳电池短路电流和填充因子低的另一个原因. 相似文献
2.
为了满足人们对绿色能源的迫切需求,生物乙醇及其清洁能源转换设备,如直接醇类燃料电池(DAFCs)吸引了越来越多人的关注,尤其是在设计和开发有效的阳极催化材料方面。采用溶剂热和紫外光还原法制备了石墨烯/二氧化钛/铂(RGO/TiO2/Pt)复合电催化材料。产物的形貌和结构分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等手段进行表征。形貌和结构分析结果表明,氧化石墨烯已被还原成石墨烯,铂纳米粒子均匀分散在石墨烯/二氧化钛界面。进一步研究了这种复合物的电催化性能;循环伏安等电化学研究表明:与铂和石墨烯/铂相比,石墨烯/二氧化钛/铂复合材料具有更高的催化活性和稳定性,有望成为新型高效的直接醇类燃料电池(DAFCs)的电催化材料。 相似文献
3.
《自然科学进展(英文版)》2020,30(6):832-838
Design and synthesis of highly active and durable electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of particular importance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), yet remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report the deposition of iron (III) porphyrin (FeP) on house-made Pt/C by rotary evaporation of the mixture of FeP and house-made Pt/C dispersed in chloroform, followed by pyrolysis at 650 °C in argon atmosphere. This approach led to the synthesis of new non-precious metal electrocatalyst (NPME)-Pt/C composites (Pt/C–FeP) with an average nanoparticle diameter of 3.1 ± 1.5 nm without aggregation. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the binding energy of Pt 4f7/2 became larger due to the presence of pyrolyzed FeP. In addition, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of Pt/C–FeP-650 is 65 m2/g less than that of house-made Pt/C (80.2 m2/g). This implies that the pyrolyzed FeP may have partially covered the surface of Pt nanoparticles and thus lowering the ECSA. Interestingly, the mass activity (MA) of Pt/C–FeP turns out to be 349.0 mA/mgPt @0.9 V vs. RHE, which is 2.6 times and 1.5 times of house-made Pt/C and commercial Pt/C, respectively. It is speculated that the electronic interaction and possible synergy between Pt and pyrolyzed FeP as NPME might have contributed to the ORR activity improvement despite of partial loss of ECSA. During accelerated durability tests (ADTs), the MA of Pt/C–FeP-650 degrades 64.3% inferior to commercial Pt/C (52.2%). The main reason likely arises from the degradation of pyrolyzed FeP, which is a bottleneck problem confronting NPMEs. 相似文献
4.
付川 《重庆三峡学院学报》2004,20(6):117-120
阻碍PEMFC商业高.提高催化剂的利用率不仅与催化剂的类型有关,电极制备工艺的优劣也对此有较大影响.高性能电催化剂的研究成果在推动了质子交换膜燃料电池快速发展的同时,对优化电极制备工艺也很有现实意义.本文对目前质子交换膜燃料电池的电催化剂和MEA制备技术的最新研究工作进行了分析评述. 相似文献
5.
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的膜电极中包含多种传输过程,且传输过程与电化学反应过程在相互交错的区域内进行,本文建立了质子交换膜燃料电池的阴极数学模型,运用MATLAB和C语言编写了模拟程序,探讨了电极结构和电极制备工艺对电极电化学性能的影响. 相似文献
6.
Bimetallic CuPt nanocrystals with size ranging from 3 to 30 nm were synthesized in the presence of either hexadecylamine or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a capping agent.Different growth stages of CuPt nanoparticles prepared with hexadecylamine have been investigated and a non-classic mechanism governing the formation of the metal alloy was revealed.It was found that the precursor molecules aggregate into amorphous spheres at a very early stage,followed by surface multiple nucleation,formation and combination of crystalline islands to produce a core-shell structure with surface-to-core extension of the crystallization to achieve single crystals.CuPt nanocrystals synthesized with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) grew via the classic route.Dealloying treatment was applied on these CuPt nanoalloys to selectively remove Cu.Large particles(30 nm) with Cu-rich cores exhibited hollow structures after dealloying while 3 nm particles remained solid,demonstrating that particle size and composition have a great influence on the final morphology of dealloyed particles. 相似文献
7.
该研究以Nafion 115为质子交换膜,利用热压法制备膜电极（MEA）,对直接甲醇燃料电池进行了性能测试。实验结果表明,不同的热压温度及压力下制备的膜电极在单电池性能测试中表现出不同的极化曲线性能,优化膜电极制备温度及压力可有效地改善直接甲醇燃料电池的性能。 相似文献
8.
膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的核心部分，建立了膜电极的随机方格子模型，在电极模型各格点位置用Montecarlo方法生成随机分布的电极粒子、Nanon溶液粒子和聚四氟乙烯团粒，把电极的输出电流转化成一个概率事件，确定了有效输出电流迷宫通道模型，并建立了非即回无规行走扫描算法，运用MATLAB和C语言编写了模拟程序实现了对膜电极催化刑利用率的统计，并探讨了电极结构和电极制备工艺对催化利利用率的影响． 相似文献
9.
Yao Pang Shengli Zhu Zhenduo Cui Yanqin Liang Zhaoyang Li Shuilin Wu 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2021,31(2):201-206
Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through electrocatalysis using cost-efficient and long-term stable bimetallic phosphide as electrocatalyst holds a great promise for sustainable clean energy technologies. In this study, self-supported nanoporous Ni-Co-P(np-Ni-Co-P) catalyst with amorphous structure was synthesized by utilizing a facile electrochemical dealloying strategy. The results showed that due to the nanoporous structure, disorder atomic arrangement and alloying effect, the np-Ni-Co-P exhi... 相似文献
10.
《自然科学进展(英文版)》2020,30(6):905-911
Designing highly active and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is essential for developing efficient proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, ordered PtCuNi/C nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an impregnation reduction method. This study shows that the incorporation of Ni in ordered PtCu/C can effectively adjust the electronic structure of Pt, thereby optimizing oxygen binding energy for the ORR. The obtained intermetallic ordered PtCuNi/C NPs significantly improved ORR activity and durability compared to ordered PtCu/C. Specifically, PtCu0·5Ni0·5/C-700 shows a mass activity of 1.29 A mg Pt−1 at 0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is about 9.2 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. PtCu0.5Ni0.5/C-700 is also shown to be competent cathode catalyst for a single-cell system exhibiting high power density (461 mW cm−2). This work demonstrates that ordered PtCu0·5Ni0·5/C-700 can be used as a highly active and durable ORR catalyst in PEMFCs. 相似文献
11.
Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy Ivan Tolj Lydia Pickering Cordellia Sit Frano Barbir Volodymyr Yartys 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2017,27(1):3-20
This paper reviews state-of-the-art developments in hydrogen energy systems which integrate fuel cells with metal hydride-based hydrogen storage. The 187 reference papers included in this review provide an overview of all major publications in the field, as well as recent work by several of the authors of the review. The review contains four parts. The first part gives an overview of the existing types of fuel cells and outlines the potential of using metal hydride stores as a source of hydrogen fuel. The second part of the review considers the suitability and optimisation of different metal hydrides based on their energy efficient thermal integration with fuel cells.The performances of metal hydrides are considered from the viewpoint of the reversible heat driven interaction of the metal hydrides with gaseous H_2. Efficiencies of hydrogen and heat exchange in hydrogen stores to control H_2 charge/discharge flow rates are the focus of the third section of the review and are considered together with metal hydride – fuel cell system integration issues and the corresponding engineering solutions. Finally, the last section of the review describes specific hydrogen-fuelled systems presented in the available reference data. 相似文献
12.
Developing efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysts is of great importance for sustainable energy conversion and storage. Ni-based catalysts have shown great potential as OER electrocatalysts, but their performance still needs to be improved. Herein, we report the multiple metal doped nickel nanoparticles synthesized via a simple oil phase strategy as efficient OER catalysts. The FeMnMoV–Ni exhibits superior OER performance with an overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm-2 相似文献
13.
黄丹 《四川理工学院学报(自然科学版)》2008,21(1):87-89
刺激神经元网络,会使网络中神经元发放的锋电位序列在同一时刻发生改变进而产生相关性。移位预测是常用的描述这种刺激引发相关性大小的方法,其构造有多种方式。文章在对MEA培养的海马神经元网络的刺激响应的分析中观测到了刺激引发的相关性的存在,并且用不同的方式构造了移位预测来描述这种相关性的大小,发现不同方式构造的移位预测子,在描述刺激引发相关性的效果上,差别不大。 相似文献
14.
为了提高模糊PID控制器的适应性，首先对模糊PID控制器进行简化处理，简化后的PID被控参数与量化因子、比例因子和解析规则相结合，构成多参数寻优的模糊PID控制器，同时采用多级“思维进化算法“对参数进行分组分阶段交替寻优，以适应各种环境的变化。仿真结果表明，MEA—模糊PID控制系统的结构合理，解决了模糊控制中参数优化问题，取得了良好的控制效果；同时在保证控制效果的情况下，大大简化了模糊PID控制器的设计。 相似文献
15.
在超细水泥中掺不同活性的MgO膨胀剂(MEA),研究MEA对超细水泥浆体和掺加超细粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响规律,并采用差热-热重同步热分析仪对MgO的水化程度进行表征.结果表明:MEA能很好地补偿超细水泥浆体的收缩,可作为补偿超细水泥收缩的新型膨胀剂;高活性MEA早期水化程度较大,掺高活性MEA水泥浆体的早期膨胀较大,后期膨胀增长趋势较小;低活性MEA早期水化程度低于高活性MEA,掺低活性MEA水泥浆体的早期膨胀较小,但后期膨胀趋势较大;MEA的掺量越大,水泥浆体的膨胀率越大;掺加超细粉煤灰抑制了掺加MEA水泥浆体的膨胀,但没有明显降低MgO的水化程度. 相似文献
16.
对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)膜电极(MEA)的二次发电性能进行了研究.由单电池的电性能测试表明,二次使用时MEA的开路电压下降5.0%,最大电流密度和最大功率均降低约50.0%.SEM的测试结果显示,二次使用的MEA的表面有催化层脱落现象,减少了电极的活性反应区域,降低了其发电性能. 相似文献
17.
在喷油泵试验台上 ,利用自制的频闪喷雾摄像系统拍摄了喷油嘴的喷雾图像 ,以判断喷孔处是否存在毛刺及毛刺现象对燃油喷雾的影响。试验结果表明 ,用自制的频闪喷雾摄像系统拍摄的喷油嘴喷雾图像可以有效地判断出喷孔处是否存在毛刺 ;当喷孔处有毛刺时 ,不仅使喷孔流量减小 ,更重要的是引起各喷孔的喷雾形状发生变化 ,从而导致油束中燃油分布不均匀。 相似文献
18.
森林可燃物研究现状及发展趋势 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,也是林火行为的主体,是林火管理的基本依据.综述了国内、外森林可燃物理化特性、分类和模型的研究历史及现状,分析了我国森林可燃物研究的发展趋势. 相似文献
19.
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can potentially facilitate a transition fromfossil fuels to sustainable energy sources without producing harmful by-products. Prior to realizinga hydrogen economy, however, viable hydrogen storage materials must be developed. Physicaladsorption in porous solids provides an opportunity for hydrogen storage under low-stringencyconditions. Physically adsorbed hydrogen molecules are weakly bound to a surface and, hence, areeasily released. Among the various surface candidates, porous carbons appear to provide efficienthydrogen storage, with the advantages that porous carbon is relatively low-cost to produce and iseasily prepared. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods, pore characteristics, andhydrogen storage capacities of representative nanoporous carbons, including activated carbons,zeolite-templated carbon, and carbide-derived carbon. We focus particularly on a series ofnanoporous carbons developed recently: metal–organic framework-derived carbons, which exhibitpromising properties for use in hydrogen storage applications. 相似文献
20.
测试出油阀不同开启压力下的供油特性和动态供油开始点的变化，研究出油阀开启压力对多缸喷油泵各缸供油不均匀性的影响。ＺＨＢＦ４喷油泵最佳的出油阀开启压力范围应为１．８ＭＰａ～２．６ＭＰａ。 相似文献