Developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of developmental modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies （the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China）, carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies （the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform）, the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies （the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform）, enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies （the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Long- maxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform）. Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.     

船舶自动化电站系统仿真

应用系统建模技术和计算机系统仿真技术，在研究了某大型船舶电力系统的基础上，运用MATLAB软件，结合船舶柴油机发电机组和异步电动机的特性，完成了船舶自动化电站系统的建模。实现的船舶自动化电站仿真器系统特性与实际系统特性接近。该系统对船舶轮机员技术培训和船舶电力系统的故障分析具有很高的价值。     

我国海水制盐业废渣处理利用现状

介绍了盐石膏的理化性质,综述了我国海盐工业废渣盐石膏在水泥、石膏建材等建筑领域以及对盐石膏的深加工等方面的综合利用研究现状,并指出利用盐石膏制备硫酸钙晶须具有广阔的发展前景。     

石油烃分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫的急性毒性效应

为研究石油烃污染对海胆胚胎的急性毒性效应,采用胚胎发育毒性实验方法,分6个质量浓度组(1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 mg/L)分别进行0#柴油和船用燃料油分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫发育的急性毒性实验.结果显示,两种油品分散液对胚胎发育至二腕幼虫和四腕幼虫阶段有明显的毒性作用.随着受试液质量浓度的增加,幼虫的体长变短,畸形率及死亡率显著增大.船用燃料油分散液48 h和72h的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为4.57、2.71 mg/L;0#柴油分散液48 h和72 h的EC50分别为3.39、1.87 mg/L,故0#柴油的毒性大于船用燃料油.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

海洋木栖真菌抗肿瘤活性及其营养条件的影响

对从厦门海沧及漳州浮宫的红树林生态区分离到的177株海洋木栖真菌用MTT法进行抗肿瘤活性的测定，获得具有抗肿瘤活性的菌株共44株，占总受试菌株的24．9％，其中对KB瘸株有抑制作用的有12株．对Raji瘤株有抑制作用的菌株有43株，对这两种肿瘤细胞均有抑制作用的菌株有11株．并且考察了其中6株海洋木栖真菌在纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉和蔗糖为碳源的生物量和抗肿瘤活性。结果表明海洋木栖真菌在不同营养条件下的菌体生物量及代谢产物的抗肿瘤活性均存在差异，部分菌株在纤维素为碳源时，有最高的生物量和抗肿瘤活性，PDB培养基不宜作为抗肿瘤活性测定或生产发酵的基质．     

邻苯二甲酸酯对海洋藻类的致毒效应

采用评价化学药品对藻类毒性的标准方法，对邻苯二甲酸醋与海洋藻类的相互影响进行探讨．通过对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙醋(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁醋(DBP)海洋藻类的致毒试验，分别得出此3种物质对三角褐指藻、盐藻、等边金藻、中肋骨条藻48h、96h的半致死浓度，探讨了上述几种海洋藻类对DMP、DEP、DBP的忍受限度．     

单桨船螺旋桨安装位置确定

通过船模螺旋桨在3个不同安装位置的自航试验，探讨了螺旋桨位置对推进效率的影响，试验结果表明，选择合适的螺旋奖位置，有利于提高舵的整流作用，改善船后伴流分布，减小推力减额，从而提高推进效率，达到船舶节能的目的，作为一个典型试验的结果，在0.1D(D为螺旋桨直径）范围内移动螺旋桨，在航速上可获得3％－5％的增量，因此，在船舶设计中有必要重视螺旋桨安装位置的选择。     

海水养殖对环境的污染及其防治

分析海水养殖对环境的主要影响，即对水质和浅海生态环境方面的污染。综述了降低海水自身污染的相应对策，以实现海水养殖业的可持续发展。