用静息细胞培养法研究L－谷氨酸氧化酶的生物合成

建立了静息细胞培养系统，并以此研究了Ｌ－谷氨酸氧化酶生物合成的影响因素。结果表明，发酵１６ｈ的菌体在有诱导物情况下有酶的合成，无诱导物则无酶的合成，发酵４０ｈ的菌体在有、无诱导物的条件下均有酶的合成。对发酵１６ｈ的菌体研究表明：β－丙氨酸（Ⅰ）、α－酮戊二酸（Ⅱ）、丙酮酸钠（Ⅲ）是酶合成的诱导物，谷氨酸（Ⅳ）则不是。而对发酵４０ｈ菌体而言：ＭｇＣｌ＿２，ＣａＣｌ＿２能促进酶的合成；Ⅰ不能作氮源利用；Ⅰ～Ⅳ均具有高浓度抑制产酶、低浓度促进产酶的双重作用。     

动态STDP突触系统模型设计与验证

神经突触的STDP（Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity）机制被认为是脑神经网络中最重要的机制之一,最有效的模拟STDP神经突触的方法是建立神经突触的离子通道的动力学模型。目前的STDP突触系统建模均存在一定的缺陷,不能很好地解释STDP机制的细胞分子生物反应原理或者得到STDP的时间非对...     

Cholinergic, monoaminergic and glutamatergic changes following perinatal asphyxia in the rat

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered to lead to a variety of brain disorders including spasticity, epilepsy, mental retardation, and minimal brain disorder syndromes and may form the basis for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases later in life. We examined markers for neuronal transmission involved in the pathomechanisms of PA and candidates as mediators for long-term sequelae. We tested tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) representing the monoaminergic system, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a neuronal subtype of the glutamate transporter, using immunohistochemistry on brain sections of rats subjected to graded PA. Three months following the asphyxiant insult immunoreactive (IR)-TH was decreased in striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum; IR-VMAT was increased, and IR-VAChT was decreased in striatum. IR-EAAC1 glutamate transporter was increased in frontal cortex. The cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic changes, still observed 3 months after the asphyxiant insult, may reflect their involvement in the pathomechanisms of PA and indicate mechanisms leading to long-term complications of PA. The variable consequences on the individual markers in several brain regions may be explained by specific susceptibility of cholinergic, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic neurons to the asphyxiant insult. Received 16 March 1999; received after revision 20 May 1999; accepted 8 July 1999     

Lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in the circumventricular organs of rat brain following neonatal monosodium glutamate

Glutamate (glu) an excitatory neurotransmitter amino acid, is present in high concentrations in the mammalian central nervous system and is the most abundant amino acid in our daily diet. In the present study the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were evaluated in the circumventricular organs (CVO) of the brain in 25-day-old rats following MSG administration at a dose of 4 mg/g b.wt during the first ten days of life. The results show the LDH activity increased to 265% of that in the control (p<0.001), whereas GDH activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05), The great elevation in LDH, a cytoplasmic marker enzyme, is apparently due to cytoskeletal changes brought about as a consequence of glu toxicity, whereas lowered GDH activity indicates altered glu homostasis in the blood-brain-barrier deficient areas following neonatal exposure to glu.     

Cerebral ischemia revisited: New insights as revealed using in vitro brain slice preparations

Summary The elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia dictates the use of experimental models which mimic this disabling brain condition. In vivo experimental models have been available for many decades and are responsible for the bulk of, though incomplete, knowledge we have about these mechanisms. Since study in isolation of each postulated mechanism is impossible in vivo, the need for an in vitro experimental model has intensified in recent years. Consequently, rat and guinea pig hippocampal slice preparations have emerged as the models of choice. This review attempts to highlight some of the results obtained using brain slices in the study of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia and compare them to those obtained in vivo. Both the biochemical and the physiological correlates of energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, neurotransmission and neuromodulation of this brain condition are reviewed. The agreements, and especially the disagreements, between the in vivo and in vitro findings are emphasized. Details are given of the possible roles of both lactic acid, Ca²⁺ and excitotoxins in the neuronal damage inflicted by cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. Recent attempts to protect brain slices against experimental cerebral ischemic/hypoxic damage are also reviewed here briefly.     

Latent iron deficiency alters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate metabolism in rat brain

Summary A diet containing 18–20 mg iron/kg to young weaned rats for 8 weeks altered the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in the central nervous system without affecting blood hemoglobin. Subsequent rehabilitation with 390 mg iron/kg diet for 2 weeks normalized these changes.     

武汉味精市场给本地生产企业带来的挑战

阐述了武汉味精市场的概况以及本地生产企业的特点,在此基础上分析了武汉市场味精企业面临的种种挑战.     

吸附伏安法测定N-月桂酰基谷氨酸钠的临界胶束浓度

用吸附伏安法测定了N-月桂酰基谷氨酸钠(LAG-Na)的临界胶束浓度(cmc),与用表面张力法和电导法比较,数据吻合,重现性好.     

味精废水处理技术进展

从不同角度分类介绍了味精废水的治理技术和方法及其应用状况,具体包括理化预处理（高速离心、絮凝沉降、加热沉淀、超滤技术等）及生物处理（饲料酵母法、厌氧生物处理法、好氧生物处理法、藻-菌共生法、水解-好氧法等）。     

刺激家兔小脑顶核对动脉血压和呼吸的影响

实验用家兔３７只，戊巴比妥钠麻醉，自然呼吸，其中２７只采用电刺激小脑项核，１０只为顶核内微量注射神经元胞体兴奋剂（Ｌ－谷氨酸钠）．观察到电刺激小脑顶核能引起动脉血压显著升高，但心电图记录无明显变化；呼吸运动明显加深加快，肺通气量显著增加．而项核内微量注射Ｌ－谷氨酸钠．则出现动脉血压降低，心率无明显变化，呼吸也无显著性变化．提示顶核神经元兴奋产全降压作用，而电刺激所致的升压和呼吸反应可能与顶核周围的神经纤维兴奋有关．