R型半胱氨酸体系电荷转移百分数的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论中的CAM-B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平上优化气相条件下R型半胱氨酸(R-Cys)分子的几何构型, 理论研究电子激发过程中R-Cys体系片段间的电荷转移特征, 并基于弛豫与非弛豫激发态密度计算片段间的电荷转移百分数. 结果表明: 对于SH片段, S0到S3的电荷转移百分数为57.96%； 对于COOH片段, S0到S1~S5各激发态的电荷转移百分数均为负值, 二者电荷转移的定性结果一致； 对于NH2片段, S0到S1和S4的电荷转移百分数分别为6.98%和31.45%.     

基于铜金复合纳米材料的半胱氨酸检测

铜金复合纳米材料作为一种新型探针，可灵敏地选择性检测半胱氨酸。在碘离子存在的情况下，半胱氨酸能够使铜金复合纳米材料的吸收峰信号增强，从而实现半胱氨酸的定量检测，检测限为0.06 mmol/L，线性范围为0～1 mmol/L。与其他氨基酸相比，铜金复合纳米材料传感器对半胱氨酸显示出良好的选择性，所制备的铜金复合纳米材料无需任何处理即可直接用于检测体系，大大简化了检测流程，具有简单、快捷和选择性高等优点，可作为半胱氨酸检测的有力工具。     

检测巯基物质的光学探针研究进展

巯基物质是生物体内主要的抗氧化剂,并以多种形式广泛存在.定量检测巯基物质在生化研究和相关疾病诊断方面意义突出.目前,利用高选择性、高灵敏度的光学探针开展巯基物质的检测研究已成为前沿课题之一.其中,荧光探针由于能够实现活体的原位、实时成像尤其受到关注.本文基于光学探针与巯基物质(主要包括谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸和高半胱氨酸)的不同反应机理,就近年来该领域的研究新进展做了较系统的评述.所涉及的反应机理主要有:双键的麦克尔加成、苯环的亲核取代、金属的配位络合、巯基物质参与的氧化反应和成环反应、以及静电作用等.此外,还讨论了检测巯基物质的光学探针存在的问题,并展望了其发展趋势与应用前景.     

棉花半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆、表达与活性研究

通过从已构建好的突变体湘棉-18的cDNA文库中筛选分离出一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的全长cDNA序列,经测序和序列分析,发现该片段包含一个完整的开放阅读框,长378个碱基,编码125个氨基酸,氨基酸序列中包含了一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族的保守区段Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly;信号肽预测发现该序列包含一个N端信号肽,保守区分析该基因编码的氨基酸包含一个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂相似区域.半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在大肠杆菌中表达重组蛋白,在条件为30℃,IPTG 5mmol/L,时间24～36h时,CPI实现最优表达,Western Blotting分析表明表达的蛋白正确.通过木瓜蛋白酶活性抑制实验,结果表明该重组CPI具有一定的酶活抑制作用.     

pH及电位敏感的聚苯胺膜用于药物释放

利用修饰电极及电化学控制方式对药物进行定量的负载与释放是一项具有开拓性的科学研究，概述了用电化学聚合方法制备具有ＰＨ响应的聚苯胺膜，通过电位来控制药物半胱氨酸的负载与释放。结果表明，其释放速度和释放量由还原电位及释放时间控制，最佳释放电位为－０．７Ｖ，最佳释放时间为１２ｍｉｎ，而且该聚合膜可循环负载释放，释放前后膜的ＰＨ响应特性不发生改变，这对于一些病症的诊断及防治具有一定的指导作用。     

Biosynthesis of selenosubtilisin: A novel way to target selenium into the active site of subtilisin

Glutathione peroxidase （GPx, EC1.11.1.9）, an important anti-oxidative selenoenzyme, can catalyze the reduction of harmful hydroperoxides with concomitant glutathione, thereby protecting cells and other biological issues against oxidative damage. It captures considerable interest in redesign of its function for either the mechanism study or the pharmacological development as an antioxidant. In order to develop a general strategy for specifically targeting and operating selenium in active sites of enzymes, the catalytically essential residue selenocysteine （Sec） was first successfully bioincorporated into the catalytic center of subtilisin by using an auxotrophic expression system. The studies of the catalytic activity and the steady-state kinetics demonstrated that selenosubtilisin is an excellent GPx-like biocatalyst. In comparison with the chemically modified method, biosynthesis exhibits obvious advantages： Sec could be site-directly incorporated into active sites of enzymes to overcome the non-specificity generated by chemical modification. This study provides an important strategy for specifically targeting and operating selenium in the active site of an enzyme.     

抗坏血酸在半胱氨酸自组装膜上的电化学行为及应用

半胱氨酸自组装修饰金修饰电极对抗坏血酸(Vc)具有很高的电催化氧化活性.在pH 2.0的0.1 mol/L缓冲溶液中,可得到一对准可逆的氧化还原峰.电极反应受扩散控制.氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在5.0×10-6～1.1×10-3 mol/L范围内成线性关系,检测限为1.0×10-6 mol/L.该分析方法应用于果汁中的抗坏血酸分析,结果令人满意.     

高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定血浆中总半胱氨酸

建立了一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定血浆总半胱氨酸的方法.以tris-(2-carboxylethyl)-phosphine(TCEP)为还原剂,7-fluorbenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonate(SBD-F)为衍生剂,N-乙酰半胱氨酸为内标,C8色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=3.0),梯度洗脱,385 nm处检测.线性范围为8.3～1042.6μmol/L,最低检测限为0.42μmol/L,日内精密度为1.67%～1.86%,日间精密度为2.08%～3.06%,平均回收率为98.1%～103.2%.     

Specific interactions of the adenovirus proteinase with the viral DNA,an 11-amino-acid viral peptide,and the cellular protein actin

The adenovirus proteinase (AVP) is synthesized in an inactive form that requires cofactors for activation. The interaction of AVP with two viral cofactors and with a cellular cofactor, actin, is characterized by quantitative analyses. The results are consistent with a specific model for the regulation of AVP. Late in adenovirus infection, inside nascent virions, AVP becomes partially activated by binding to the viral DNA, allowing it to cleave out an 11-amino-acid viral peptide, pVIc, that binds to AVP and fully activates it. Then, about 70 AVP-pVIc complexes move along the viral DNA, via one-dimensional diffusion, cleaving virion precursor proteins 3200 times to render a virus particle infectious. Late in adenovirus infection, in the cytoplasm, the cytoskeleton is destroyed. The amino acid sequence of the C terminus of actin is homologous to that of pVIc, and actin, like pVIc, can act as a cofactor for AVP in the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 and of actin itself. Thus, AVP may also play a role in cell lysis.Received 14 November 2002; received after revision 28 April 2003; accepted 30 April 2003