Characterization of microbe cementitious materials

A new generation of cement, microbe cement, has been developed in response to the ever increasing awareness of environmental protection. Microbe cement is a new strengthening material based on microbiologically induced precipitation of calcium carbonate. This paper confirms the feasibility of binding loose sand particles using microbe cement and details the cementation mechanism of microbe cement. We have also prepared microbe cementitious materials (biosandstones). The compressive strength of the bio-sandstone, which depends on the content of calcium carbonate produced by microbially induced precipitation and the bio-mediated calcite crystal size, could be up to 12 MPa at an age of 20 days. By increasing the precipitated calcite content, the compressive strength and microstructure of bio-sandstone could be improved.     

Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

广西大厂锌铜矿方解石稀土元素地球化学特征

方解石是广西大厂矿区常见的脉石矿物。测试了拉么矽卡岩型锌铜矿和铜坑矿床深部矽卡岩型锌铜矿方解石稀土含量,锌铜矿的稀土元素总含量普遍较低,稀土元素总量(ΣREE)=11.15×10~(-6)～16.17×10~(-6),具有明显的有铕正异常,铕异常(δEu)为1.46～2.80,且轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土元素(LREE)/重稀土元素(HREE)为2.63～6.84,配分模式为具有铕正异常的轻稀土富集右倾型模式,这样的配分模式与锡多金属矿方解石稀土元素配分模式相似,暗示两者之间可能为同源不同阶段产物;且研究表明成矿流体来源为龙箱盖岩体岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液,成矿环境为还原环境过渡向氧化环境。     

QDTA／T／EGD／GC在线联用技术X．菱铁矿、高岭石、白云石、方解石、石英五元混合矿物的组成分析

应用已建立的ＤＴＡ／Ｔ／ＥＧＤ／ＧＣ在线联用技术及其装置，在ＣＯ＿２和空气下鉴定了白云石中的微量菱铁矿；在空气下测定了方解石的纯度；在Ｎ＿２气下对配合的菱铁矿、高岭石、白云石、方解石、石英五元混合矿物的组成进行了分析。实验结果表明：白云石／方解石（１：１）的混合矿在ＣＯ＿２下两者热分解释放出ＣＯ＿２的三个吸热效应，在ＤＴＡ曲线上皆可显示其对应的峰形特征而得到判别。     

碱钙性玄武岩与金矿化关系初探--以黔西南金矿为例

贵州境内的玄武岩可分为钙性区、钙碱性区及碱钙性区,其碱钙性区碱度高,并与贵州西南部一系列金矿床(点)有一定成因联系,碱钙性玄武岩分布区及其东部大片火山碎屑—热水沉积区是新的金矿远景区。     

涠洲岛柳珊瑚的激光拉曼光谱特征

用激光拉曼光谱仪分析了从广西涠洲岛采集的柳珊瑚,并对其拉曼光谱图进行分类归属和解析.根据光谱结果,涠洲岛柳珊瑚可分成两类:一类在1006cm-1、1111cm-1、1501cm-1呈现峰值,认定为类胡萝卜素光谱特征;另一类在714cm-1、1086 cm-1呈现峰值,认定为方解石光谱特征.     

单分散纳米碳酸钙的制备和表征

采用微乳液法,利用Ca(NO₃)₂和Na₂CO₃在微乳液界面处发生反应,制备得到了分散性良好,尺寸大小为10nm左右的纳米碳酸钙。实验发现,油酸含量对碳酸钙分散性有重要影响,当油酸含量是碳酸钙质量的2.5%时,所制备的颗粒分散性良好。XRD检测结果表明,所得碳酸钙产品主要包含球霰石和方解石两种晶型;热重（TG）和差热（DSC）分析表明：包覆在纳米碳酸钙表面的改性剂质量分数与加入的油酸的量相吻合,这证明了油酸基本包覆在了碳酸钙粒子表面,从而改善了碳酸钙的分散性。     

铁基换热面CaCO3析晶污垢结合力分子动力学模拟

为了研究腐蚀产物Fe2O3在污垢与换热表面相互作用时的作用机理,采用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟了Fe和Fe2O3吸附方解石(1-10)晶面的体系,并且对2个体系进行吸附过程的平衡处理,通过计算2个体系吸附后的各种能量推导出吸附结构中结合能的大小,将Fe和Fe2O3吸附方解石(1-10)的2个体系的结合能进行了比较。计算结果表明:Fe2O3吸附方解石(1-10)晶面的结合能要比Fe吸附方解石(1-10)晶面的结合能高,同时,径向分布函数的计算也进一步证明了该结果。该理论计算得出,Fe的腐蚀产物Fe2O3吸附的污垢比Fe吸附的污垢更难以清理。     

硫酸软骨素／SDBS协同作用下球霰石的简易合成

通过模拟生物矿化过程，利用CO2缓慢扩散，在硫酸软骨素和十二烷基苯磺酸钠二元体系中，与富集在有机/无机界面的钙离子相结合，合成了碳酸钙晶体。系统地研究了室温下各种因素对碳酸钙晶体形貌和晶型的影响，利用粉末X-射线衍射（ XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（ SEM）等对所得的碳酸钙晶体进行了形貌与结构表征。结果显示，在不同浓度比下的硫酸软骨素和十二烷基苯磺酸钠二元体系或在不同时间下，生成的碳酸钙都具有不同的晶体结构和形貌。     

陇东地区延长组构造裂缝方解石脉特征及其与烃类流体活动的关系

通过微量元素与稳定同位素分析对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组广泛发育的构造裂缝方解石充填物的成因及其与烃类流体活动的关系进行研究。结果表明:该区砂泥岩裂缝中充填的方解石为相对富集Fe和Mn而贫Mg的(含)铁方解石,其δ13CPDB为-6.6‰～2.7‰,δ18OPDB为-23.0‰～-14.9‰;方解石脉中富集的Mn元素主要源于酸性烃类流体对长7段源岩内部凝灰岩的溶蚀,其成因主要与有机质演化过程中甲烷生成作用产生的相对富13C二氧化碳和脱羧作用产生的贫13C二氧化碳有关;方解石脉主要形成于早白垩世长7段烃源岩生排烃期间,稍早于或同步于烃类流体的大规模活动,侏罗纪末期形成的裂缝构成了延长组烃类流体活动的重要通道,有利于烃源岩排烃及低渗透砂岩储层的油气运移。