Cu(I)-桐油酸螯合物的制备及性能研究

用桐油酸与Cu 进行了络合反应研究,对络合产物进行了紫外光谱测试.分析了产物的形成机理和结构特点.对在防污涂料方面可能的应用作了性能探索,反应在106℃时所得产物具有较好的抑制藻类作用.     

青岛港湾微型污损生物群落研究——不同涂层的碳钢/海水界面生物膜初探

 海洋微型污损生物膜会影响金属腐蚀过程和防污涂料性能,是污损生物群落的初级食物链,一直是国内外的研究焦点。研究了冬季青岛中港海水中暴露100余天的碳钢表面形成的腐蚀产物膜,以及载玻片、HT防腐涂层和NFGP600防污涂层表面形成的生物膜,采用电化学技术研究材料表面生物膜特征,运用SEM、EDS、XRD表征生物膜形态和物质组成,分析生物膜细菌、硅藻和原生动物的种类及形貌。研究表明,生物膜由细菌、硅藻、原生动物和海水中无机、有机颗粒组成;钢/海水界面同时发生钢的腐蚀和微型生物附着过程,两个过程互相作用使碳钢表面形成不定型、松软、不连续的腐蚀产物膜;防腐涂层表面生物膜由于原生动物对菌藻的蚕食和碳酸盐的存在,形成了较为疏松的生物膜,而防污涂层表面没有原生动物的影响,形成了致密的生物膜,在一定程度上能够隔绝海水环境。     

表面接枝不同分子量聚乙二醇的聚氨酯材料的抗粘附性能研究

通过利用聚多巴胺与氨基基团的共价反应,将不同分子量的氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG-NH_2)固定于聚氨酯(PU)材料表面,并系统地研究了不同分子量聚乙二醇修饰的聚氨酯材料表面的抗粘附性能.实验中采用了三种不同分子量的氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚,分别是分子量1 000、2 000和5 000.对修饰后的材料表面进行的X射线光电子能谱测试及静态接触角测试证实了不同分子量的聚乙二醇成功地接枝于聚氨酯材料表面.通过对材料表面在不同时间段抗金黄色葡萄球菌粘附效果的分析,以及抗血小板粘附测试,系统地探讨了聚乙二醇分子量的不同对所修饰材料表面抗粘附效果的影响.并针对由分子量2 000与5 000的聚乙二醇修饰的材料表面进行了抗细菌生物膜测试.     

Perspectives on the prevention and treatment of infection for orthopedic tissue engineering applications

The emergence of orthopedic tissue engineering devices as viable clinical solutions demands that the field address significant clinical complications associated with the implantation of foreign materials in the body, especially infection. While tissue engi- neering has focused on the development of methods to regenerate and repair, until recently there has been a relative dearth of literature regarding the intersection of tissue engineering and infection. In particular, local delivery of antimicrobials has long been of clinical interest, but only recently has that been translated into the realm of tissue engineering. In this perspective, we briefly review major modes of local delivery for infection prevention and treatment and discuss possible strategies for preventing implant-associated infections.     

Progress of marine biofouling and antifouling technologies

Adhesion of marine fouling organisms on artificial surfaces such as ship hulls causes many problems, including extra energy consumption, high maintenance costs, and increased corrosion. Therefore, marine antifouling is an important issue. In this review, physical and biochemical developments in the field of marine biofouling, which involves biofilm formation and macro-organism settlement, are discussed. The major antifouling technologies based on traditional chemical methods, biological methods, and physical methods are presented. The chemical methods include self-polishing types such as tributyltin (TBT) self-polishing co- polymer coatings, which despite its good performance has been banned since 2008 because of its serious environmental impact. Therefore, other methods have been encouraged. These include coatings with copper compounds and biocide boosters to replace the TBT coatings. Biological extracts of secreted metabolites and enzymes are anticipated to act as antifoulants. Physical methods such as modification of surface topography, hydrophobic properties, and charge potential have also been considered to prevent biofouling. In this review, most of the current antifouling technologies are discussed. It is proposed that the physical antifouling technologies will be the ultimate antifouling solution, because of their broad-spectrum effectiveness and zero toxicity.     

固体醚类聚羧酸系减水剂的制备及抗泥机理

以烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚2000(APEG2000)、马来酸酐(MAH)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为原料,(NH_4)_2S_2O_8为引发剂,沉淀法合成APEG-MAH-AMPS-HEMA固体醚类抗泥型聚羧酸系水泥减水剂。经正交试验确定最佳工艺条件:n(APEG)∶n(MAH)∶n(AMPS)∶n(HEMA)=1.0∶1.0∶0.8∶0.4,ω[(NH_4)_2S_2O_8]=2.5%,聚合温度65℃,聚合时间8 h。当蒙脱土掺量为1.5%时,水泥初始净浆流动度为292 mm。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重(TG-DTG)分析了减水剂分子结构和抗泥机理。结果表明:减水剂链段含有酯基、羧基、酰胺基、磺酸基等官能团,它的加入促进了水化进程,但不影响水泥和蒙脱土的结构;蒙脱土对其吸附以表面吸附为主,吸附层厚度5.25 nm;以插层吸附为辅,层间距由0.989 8 nm变为0.995 1 nm,增大了0.005 3 nm。     

柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea相关可培养细菌抗污活性筛选

用4种不同培养基分离纯化柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea中的相关可培养细菌。对获得的90株细菌,先用4株海洋污损指示菌进行活性初筛,获得11株具有抑制海洋污损指示菌生长的细菌后,再用2种抗海洋污损生物幼虫进行活性复筛,复筛得到5株对海洋污损生物幼虫附着有抑制活性的细菌。这5株细菌经16SrRNA基因序列分析,确定其系统发育地位为芽胞杆菌属（Bacillussp．）。     

铜型抗菌沸石的合成与应用

介绍液固，固相离子交换法将沸石与具有抗菌性能的铜离子合成抗菌沸石，用正交法确定了两种方法的较佳条件，并进行比较，尝试利用微波加热法合成的抗菌沸石，此外探讨了自制铜型抗菌沸石作为毒料的船底防污漆的可行性。     

A survey analysis of heavy metals bio-accumulation in internal organs of sea shell animals affected by the sustainable pollution of antifouling paints used for ships anchored at some domestic maritime spaces

Some samples of sea shell animals stuck and multiplied on the bottom （beneath the seawater） coated with antifouling paints were collected at some domestic maritime spaces, and the content of heavy metals was detected through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy. Meanwhile, comparison with sea shell animals was made on market for edible use. It shows that the content of heavy metals in internal organs of these marine animals is very high due to the large amount of copper and zinc contained in the antifouling paints, and this also does severely harm to sea environment and ecology. To study and develop the novel antifouling paints without copper（I） oxide is an imperative task which brooks no delay.     

热浸锌材料的生物污损研究

【目的】探讨青岛海域热浸锌材料的生物污损特点。【方法】用富锌材料作对比,于青岛中港进行3年的热浸锌海港试验,对两种材料上污损生物群落的组成和分布情况进行月检和年检,对比不同深度、光照下污损生物群落组成差异,并应用PRIMER 6软件进行污损生物群落多样性分析。【结果】热浸锌试板防污性能优于富锌试板,但随着浸海时间的延长,防污性能会逐渐减弱;试板上污损生物群落和优势种随季节、光照和水深变化而有一定差异;综合考虑各种影响因素,用PRIMER 6软件分析污损生物群落多样性结构,得到的结果与传统分析方法一致。【结论】青岛海域热浸锌材料上污损生物群落组成、优势种类和污损程度受季节、光照、水深等的影响。