水葫芦水热碳化过程中焦炭物化结构演变特性

以水葫芦为原料,利用高温高压反应釜对240℃、停留时间0.5~24.0h下水热炭物化结构的演变特性进行分析.研究发现:不同停留时间下焦炭的产率及O/C和H/C原子比的范围分别为22.17%~31.67%,0.19~0.45和0.94~1.51,焦炭的热值范围为16.83~20.63 MJ/kg.通过对焦炭进行分析测试,探讨水热炭的生成机理以及炭微球的形成机制,结果表明:4.0h后延长停留时间对焦炭的化学特性没有明显的影响;但是随着时间的进一步延长,水热炭却表现出较好的结构特性,可以观察到焦炭表面有大量微球的生成,具有典型的核壳结构,炭微球的表面含有大量的活性含氧官能团,内部则为低活性的含氧官能团;水热炭比表面积随着时间的延长先增大后减小.     

海藻酸钙-活性炭纤维固定化生物小球的强化除苯性能

在传统海藻酸钙固定化过程中加入活性炭纤维作为改性载体,以苯系物(BTEX)降解菌为对象,制备了海藻酸钙-活性炭纤维固定化生物小球(MB),并研究了MB微观结构及强化除苯性能.结果表明:所制备的MB直径为2～4,mm,其表面通透、孔道致密,孔径均一(约为200,μm),并可多次重复应用.MB强化除苯过程主要是吸附和生物降解共同作用的结果,且去除速率呈现由快速到慢速两个阶段,均符合一级动力学规律.微生物接种量为6.89,mg/mL(包埋载体溶液)时,MB结构稳定性最好,强化除苯效果最佳.不同接种量条件下,苯生物降解的平均半衰期为64 h,高于游离态BTEX降解菌.     

海藻酸钙-几丁聚糖微胶囊渗透性与溶胀行为研究

 采用乳化凝结法制备了海藻酸钙凝胶粒子及海藻酸钙-几丁聚糖微胶囊;用分光光度法分别测定了海藻酸钙-几丁聚糖微胶囊及海藻酸钙凝胶粒子的渗透性;对海藻酸钙凝胶粒子及海藻酸钙-几丁聚糖微胶囊的溶胀行为进行了试验,并探讨了溶胀性对渗透性的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钙凝胶粒子被几丁聚糖包裹后溶胀性和渗透性均降低.     

海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜的结构与性能研究

利用溶液共混法制备了新型共混膜:海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜,通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,并测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率和吸水率.结果表明:共混膜中海藻酸、淀粉和羧甲基纤维素之间具有较强的相互作用和良好的相容性.共混膜具有良好的力学性能,在生物材料领域有潜在利用价值.     

亚微米Fe包Co空心微球的制备

研究了一种制备Fe包Co空心微球的新方法.以纳米铁粒子为模板,水合肼为还原剂,通过化学镀制备出具有核-壳结构的Co包Fe纳米粒子,用HCl溶去Fe核制备出空心Co微球,以空心Co微球为模板,NaBH4为还原剂,通过化学镀Fe制备了亚微米Fe包Co的空心微球.研究发现,在化学镀Fe过程中,Fe包Co空心微球之间极易形成硬黏结,通过降低反应物浓度和反应温度,增大反应液pH值抑制镀液中Fe粒子的独立形核,则可明显防止Fe包Co空心微球之间硬黏结的发生.     

利用带自由基的线型聚苯乙烯链为模板制备聚苯乙烯核-聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）壳微球的初步研究

利用线型聚苯乙烯链从非极性溶剂进入极性溶剂能缩聚成团的特性,将带有自由基的聚苯乙烯链泵送入N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)溶液中,以缩聚成团的聚苯乙烯作为模板,由链端自由基引发单体NIPAM的聚合,得到了聚苯乙烯核-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)壳微球.初步探索了苯乙烯(St)浓度和搅拌速度对微球成型的影响.结果表明:利用此方法制备微球具有可行性.     

TiO2空心微球的制备及其在模拟太阳光下光催化降解罗丹明B活性

以钛酸丁酯为反应原料、油胺为模板剂,采用溶剂热法制备了TiO2空心微球.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HR-TEM、N2吸附-脱附实验及FT-IR对其晶体结构、形貌、表面性质及比表面积进行了表征.在模拟太阳光下研究了TiO2对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性,并与商品TiO2(P25)的活性相比较.结果表明,空心微球为纯相锐钛矿型TiO2,球的直径处于2-5 μm之间,构成微球的初级粒子的平均粒径为10.7 nm,BET比表面积为42.95 m2/g.所制备的TiO2空心微球在2h内对罗丹明B溶液的光降解率达72％.因粒径较大而使其不易团聚,且极易回收,有利于实际应用.     

Comparison study of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres

To compare two microspheres of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin loaded theophylline as pulmonary sustained drug delivery carriers, the characteristics and ciliotoxicity were studied. The drug loadings of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres were 21.09% and 21.42%, and the encapsulation efficiencies were 91.40% and 92.80%. The distributions of 50% (d _0.5) of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres were 4.89 and 5.83 μm, respectively. Both microspheres showed spherical shape with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. FT-IR of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres demonstrated that theophylline had formed hydrogen bonds with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin, while for the carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres theophylline had interaction with carboxymethyl chitosan. The moisture absorption showed that an equilibrium was reached within 24 h. The two microspheres possessed better adaptability. In vitro release of theophylline from chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres was slower than that from carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres at pH 6.8. Biography: LI Ruobao(1968–), male, Associate professor, research direction: foundation research of respiratory system.     

温和水热法合成具有纳米棒状次级结构的氧化铜微球及其光学性质

采用温和水热合成法,以CuCl2·H2O为反应原料,使用无毒且易溶于水的十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS为模板剂,在氨水体系中合成了具有纳米棒状次级结构的CuO微球,并研究了不同实验条件对CuO微球形貌的影响,发现SDBS和氨水的用量是影响棒状次级结构自组装成球的关键因素,而向体系中引入强碱则会改变棒状次级结构.通过XRD、SEM、TEM及HRTEM对合成产物的结构、晶型、形貌及颗粒大小进行研究.采用FT-IR研究了产物的表面结构.UV-Vis吸收光谱及荧光光谱(PL)结果表明产物在紫外-可见光区具有较强的光捕获能力,并能发出蓝紫光.     

Polystyrene Microspheres Coated with Smooth Polyaniline Shells: Preparation and Characterization

Polystyrene/polyaniline core-shell structure microspheres were synthesized in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) as stabilizer and hydrochloric acid as dopant to improve the processibility of conducting polyaniline. After the one-pot reacting process, the product was easily purified by washing with water. The polyaniline shell covering the polystyrene sphere surface was confirmed with FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductivity of the polyaniline-coated polystyrene particles was 0.0017 S/cm and increased to 0.1 S/cm after being doped in the HCl vapor. The morphology of the microspheres was characterized by TEM and SEM. The particles show a more uniform and smooth surface than previous particles.