Atmospheric duct estimation from multi-source radar sea clutter returns: theoretical framework and preliminary numerical results

Refractivity from clutter （RFC） technique estimates lower atmospheric refractivity from radar sea clutter returns. An important issue of RFC is how to make the estimate more robust. Rather than using only single beam radar sea clutter returns, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework of combining multi-source clutter power to improve the retrieved results by the variational adjoint approach. The derivation of the adjoint is accomplished by an analytical transformation of the parabolic equation model in a continuous domain. To test the theoretical algorithm, numerical simulations using multi-elevation clutter observations are carried. The results demonstrate that combining two elevation beams gives more stable estimate than using only single beam.     

石家庄市开放源颗粒物化学组成特征分析

分析了石家庄市城市扬尘、道路尘、土壤尘、建筑尘四种开放源的粒径组成和无机元素含量,结果表明,四种开放源颗粒物样品中细颗粒物的累积效应更为明显。各种水溶性离子中,阴离子浓度最高的是SO42-,阳离子浓度较高的是Ca2+;存在二次有机碳污染,SOC是颗粒物的重要组成部分;各种元素的含量存在一定差异,Ca、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、K等元素含量较高,受人为污染严重。     

Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer, with a ubiquitous regional source. The regional mean concentrations of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂, and O_{3_8h max} (the maximum daily 8 h mean) and O_x were 22±11, 90±40, 25±5, 136±35 and 112±21 μg/m³ in summer, respectively. During the Olympic Games, the mean concentration of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO_{2, O3_8h} max, and O_x were 12.5±4, 56±28, 23±4, 114±29, 95±17 μg/m³ in the region, respectively, and fell by 51.0%, 43.7%, 13%, 20.2%, and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the “Green Olympics” control goal of air quality. After the Olympic Games, SO₂, PM_2.5 and NO_x increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated.     

大气探测激光雷达的进展研究

激光雷达是以光频工作的雷达,与普通雷达相比,它具有较高的速度及角度分辨率、较高的测量精度以及较强的抗干扰能力。文章综述了激光雷达的分类、发展简史、发展动态及其在大气探测领域的应用,并重点介绍了我国大气探测激光雷达系统的应用及研究成果。     

DBD大气压等离子体的数值模拟研究进展

介绍了大气压介质阻挡放电(DBD)的一般结构及其特性,并说明对其数值模拟的必要和意义。同时在介绍了一些常用的模拟模型基础上,重点对流体模型和粒子云—蒙太卡洛模拟加以描述。最后结合模拟研究的历史和当前进展,展望了DBD大气压等离子体的数值模拟研究的难点和前景。     

元素分析法测定大气总悬浮颗粒中的有机碳

求文研究一种新的测定总悬浮颗粒中有机碳的方法──元素分析法，该方法是在氧化炉炉温为６００℃时，一步测定出样品中有机碳的含量，回收率在９７～１０１％之间。     

泰安市城区环境空气可吸入颗粒物源解析研究

本研究主要建立了泰安市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的源与受体成分谱数据库，通过化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型进行解析，得出了采暖期和非采暖期各颗粒物污染源对空气可吸入颗粒物污染物的贡献值和分担率，为有针对性的尘污染防治提供科学依据．     

高山乳胶室单根簇射事例的产生特征

为深入分析高山乳胶室实验记录的观测能量E_r(或E_h~((Y)))=3～20TeV的单根簇射事例,对初能范围为5×10~(12)～10~(15)eV的宇宙线质子在大气中的传播进行了Monte-Carlo模拟。探讨了形成该类事例的宇宙线粒子在大气传播中的历史特征,给出了单根簇射事例对应的初始能量分布、首次作用高度分布、平均作用次数和粒子成分比例等。这对于寻找从该类事例中挖掘出更多的有用信息的途径具有启发意义。     

浅谈大气污染连续自动监测系统在苏州市环境中的应用

通过对大气污染连续自动监测系统的简介,并简单阐述了系统在某中等城市中的应用。作者在这里通过近几年几个大气污染因子在某中等城市在线仪监测数据的比对,进一步说明大气污染连续自动监测系统在某城市环境中的应用与推广,以及系统应用对保护我们生存的环境的重要性。     

西昌市大气重金属苔藓监测种类筛选

为了探究适合西昌市大气重金属苔藓监测的方法,筛选适宜的苔藓监测物种,采集分析了西昌市主要区域冬季苔藓植物的生理生化等特征。通过对苔藓植物的可溶性蛋白、超氧歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、叶绿素、花青素、类胡萝卜素和重金属质量分数的比较分析,筛选出富集色素、生长优势突出、重金属富集能力强的物种。结果表明：大灰藓（Hypnum plumaeforme）可溶性蛋白含量最高,牛舌藓（Anomodon minor）抗氧化酶含量最高,美喙藓（Eurhynchium pulchellum （hedw.） jenn.）的重金属富集程度相对较最高,鳞叶藓（Taxiphyllum taxirameum）的重金属富集程度次之,牛舌藓、大灰藓重金属富集能力较低。综合比较表明美喙藓和鳞叶2种苔藓植物是适宜西昌市大气重金属监测的物种。