灵活运用地图妙解地理难题

<正>近几年很多文科学生都有这样的感受：文科综合政史地。地理最难学。究其原因,是受地理学科自身特点所致：作为一门综合性的学科,地理除了要学生掌握基础的地理知识外,更重要的是培养学生运用所学知识解决地理实际问题的能力,而这种能力的形成,需要文科知识的积淀,很多时候,也需要一些辅助工具,分析解决地理学习中的问题。     

一株高效解磷菌的分离及理化特性研究

利用透明圈法和钼锑抗比色法测定发酵液的可溶性磷含量的方法,从滨州沾化冬枣根际土壤中分离出一株高效解磷菌ZMM-3,对该菌株的生理、生化性质及最佳培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,该菌株菌落圆形,革兰氏染色呈阴性,杆菌,大多数理化性质呈阳性,培养最适pH值为7,最佳培养时间为16 h。     

小麦秸秆降解菌的筛选及混合发酵

本试验以牛粪、草地、树林和菜园土作为实验筛选菌源,分离纯化出能够降解纤维素"wl-x"及木聚糖(半纤维素)的菌株"wl-y",并分别对其进行形态学描述.利用实验室原有的白腐真菌黄孢原平毛革菌CICC40719与"wl-x"、"wl-y"进行多菌种小麦秸秆混合发酵,通过正交实验优化反应条件,结果表明:wl-x、wl-y、CICC40719菌株接种量为2%,1%,2%,蛋白胨0.15 g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.06 g时效果最佳.     

忍冬木层孔菌总酚的HPLC分离及其指示性成分分析

对忍冬木层孔菌总酚主要成分进行了分析,为进一步控制总酚质量提供依据.用95%乙醇提取总酚,经大孔树脂吸附,乙醇洗脱制备忍冬木层孔菌总酚,利用高效液相色谱制备主要成分,采用普鲁士蓝紫外-可见分光光度法测定酚含量,用高效液相色谱测定主要成分含量.结果表明总酚中酚的含量达到63.35%,从总酚中分离鉴定原儿茶酸,3,4-二羟基苄叉丙酮两种主要成分,总酚中原儿茶酸的含量为13.1%,3,4-二羟基苄叉丙酮的含量为12.2%.所制备的忍冬木层孔菌总酚符合有效部位质量要求,总酚中原儿茶酸和3,4-二羟基苄叉丙酮均具有抗肿瘤等药理活性,可作为总酚的指示性成分.     

菌糠复合剂对不结球白菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

采用田间试验的方法,施用不同的菌糠复合剂,定期测定不结球白菜的株高、鲜质量、干质量等指标,收获时测定不结球白菜体内硝酸盐含量,研究菌糠复合剂对不结球白菜生长和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明:与空白对照相比,施用链霉菌(Streptomycessp.)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)+菌糠处理可显著增加不结球白菜的株高,提高鲜、干质量,硝酸盐含量极显著低于施用尿素处理。     

双污泥反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中污泥的衰减特征

为调查双污泥反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中硝化污泥和除磷污泥的衰减特征,测定硝化细菌耗氧速率(OUR)、聚磷菌PO43--P释放速率(PRR),并利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术和DAPI染色方法探究污泥衰减前后目标微生物的分布。研究结果表明:亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)7 d平均衰减速率为0.41 d-1,呈指数形式衰减,其衰减过程受综合因素影响;而氨氧化细菌(AOB)7 d平均衰减速率为0.13 d-1,呈线性衰减,其衰减过程仅受外源物质影响。在饥饿状态下,聚磷菌(PAO)可通过分解体内贮存的胞内聚合物而获得能量,其衰减速率较低,7 d平均衰减速率为0.11 d-1,且呈线性衰减。污泥中的目标微生物多以团聚体形式存在,且荧光强度与团聚体内微生物数量有关,污泥经过衰减之后,荧光强度弱的团聚体将消失。此外,与单污泥脱氮除磷工艺相比,采用双污泥脱氮除磷工艺有助于硝化细菌和聚磷菌的富集,且通过延长污泥停留时间(SRT)可选择出耐饥饿状态下的目标微生物。     

乳粉中常见致病菌的多重荧光PCR检测

利用多重荧光PCR技术快速检测乳粉中的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌.以沙门氏菌的invA基因、志贺氏菌的ipaH基因、金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因为靶基因,选择特异性引物,以参照菌种为对象,验证引物的特异性,建立多重荧光PCR检测方法,人工添加沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌,确定方法的检出限.结果表明该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为1CFU/mL,可在8h内完成对乳品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌的检测.     

Influence of interactions between chromium and cerium on catalytic performances of CrO_x–CeO_2/Ti-PILC catalysts for deep oxidation of n-butylamine

A series of CrOx-CeO2/Ti-PILC （PILC is pillared interlayered clay） catalysts for n-butylamine oxidation were prepared using an impregnation method, and the structures, surface acidity distributions, and redox properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption. The results show that addition of an appropriate amount of CeO2 enhances the interactions between Cr and Ce, and this increases the acid strength and mobility of active oxygen species on the cata- lyst. 8CrCe（6：1）/Ti-PILC（12,20） exhibits the best catalytic performance and control of NOx in n-butylamine oxidation.     

Proteomic analysis of blast-resistant near-isogenic lines derived from japonica rice,var. Yunyin,infected with Magnaporthe oryzae

Rice blast is one of the most devastating dis- eases in the world and outbreaks occur frequently. The differences in protein expression between blast resistant and susceptible near-isogenic lines （NILs） of japonica rice var. Yunyin infected with Magnaporthe oryzae were ana- lyzed using proteomics, indicated that 67 different proteins were identified from 75 obtained proteins using the matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique. Seven specific expression proteins, 43 up-regulated proteins and 17 down-regulated proteins were identified among the 67 proteins. The bioinformatical analysis demonstrated that these 67 different proteins were involved in many biological physiological processes including five proteins related to photosynthesis, 25 pro- teins related to metabolism, six proteins related to anti- oxidants, 10 proteins related to protein synthesis and modification, five proteins related to signal transduction,four proteins related to adversity stress and 12 non-func- tional proteins. These identified proteins were directly or indirectly related to stress. Five proteins related to different physiological processes were selected. Their cDNA sequences were predicted and their expression patterns were analyzed using real-time PCR, demonstrated that the genes would response to M. oryzae and the response blindingly different between blast resistant and blast sus- ceptible NILs.     

淘乐进行时

正"嘀嗒、嘀嗒……"我的小学生活就在这钟表的嘀嗒声中飞快地流逝着。转眼间,一年一度的"六一"国际儿童节如同一个小精灵一样,蹦蹦跳跳地来到了我们的身边。它可是我们每个孩子的最爱,因为,每一个儿童节都有你意想不到的活动。瞧,这次的儿童节的主题是淘乐进行时。这一天,你可以在跳蚤市场快乐淘宝,疯狂购物。