吉隆盆地构造、环境演化与青藏高原隆升

位于喜马拉雅北麓的晚新生代吉隆断陷盆地,在中新世晚期-上新世沉积了总厚约300m的河湖相地层。根据沉积学、碳氧同位素及控盆构造分析,结合已有的古生物学孢粉学资料,恢复了晚新生代盆地构造控制、沉积环境、气候变动及其演变过程;探讨了构造演化和气候变动两者之间的耦合关系;指出盆地由早期半封闭型断陷湖盆,中期开放型湖盆,向后期封闭型湖盆的演化。     

晚清有线电报事业发展初探

晚清有线电报事业是在抵抗西方列强的窥视和侵略中,为满足军事、经济等方面的迫切需求而创建并发展起来的.对晚清有线电报事业的创建和发展过程进行分析与研究,认为虽然它的发展相对西方国家比较滞后,但对于中国来说,开创了通讯事业的新纪元,奠定了中国电讯事业的基础,并且在军事、经济、教育等方面发挥了巨大作用,推动了晚清社会的发展.     

Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic de′collement structure and its deep geological background in western Shandong, China

Data from seismic reflection profiles, drilling, stratigraphy, structural deformation studies and physical rock properties reveal the existence of de′col1ement structures in both shallow and deep levels in western Shandong, China. The most outstanding shallow de′col1ement structures occur along the regional unconformity surface between the Cambrian and Archean, and the disconformity surface between the Carboniferous and Ordovician. The de′col1ement structure surface manifests as a fault zone with cataclastic rocks and asymmetrical folds. Some of the cataclastic rocks underwent dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, including silicification, marbleization and specularite mineralization. Above the de′col1ement structure, the bottom of the Cambrian might be missing or overprinted because of de′collement. The striations, asymmetrical folds and boudinage structures indicate the direction of the main de′collement to the NNW and NNE. A deep level de′collement structure occurs at a depth of 12–22 km and up to 30 km distance to the south. The early Cretaceous and Eocene are two main periods of activity, with the Cretaceous de′collement probably initiated by mantle upwelling derived from subduction and collision of the Yangtze Plate with the North China Plate along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault in the late Triassic–early Jurassic. This circumstance implies a multidirection of subduction and collision of these two plates in the early late Mesozoic.     

Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits （Upper Cretaceous） of Henan Province, China： Occurrences, palaeoenvironments, taphonomy and preservation

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province, central China are divided into three formations in ascending order: Gaogou, Majiacun and Sigou. The Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus, Dendroolithus, Dictyoolithus, Paraspheroolithus and Longiteresoolithus. The Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and Nanhiungoolithus. The Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus, Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus.To date, 37 oospecies, 13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been distinguished. Autochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits, whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial fans. This suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur eggs. The preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils, muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was semiarid. The presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers, however, indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late Cretaceous. It is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.     

中晚明社会对王阳明的造神运动

王阳明与道教的关系,可分为两个层面,一是阳明本人根深蒂固的道教情结,一是理论界和民间社会对他的造神运动.这种造神运动除了阳明的门人后学在雅文化领域所进行的理论塑造外,主要通过绘画、戏剧、民间故事等俗文化的形式来完成的.而神化阳明的直接结果就是使阳明学在被宗教化的同时,也被进一步民间化了.阳明学在晚明社会的广泛普及,正是在这种不断宗教化和民间化的过程中实现的,其乡村教化功能也在这一进程中得到了提升和强化.     

晚清无线电报技术经由期刊在中国的传播

目的 整理晚清无线电报技术经由期刊在中国传播的特殊途径,分析期刊传播无线电报技术的重要意义和影响.方法 采用文献分析和考证法.结果 详细列出了晚清期刊中有关无线电报技术的文献,并对其中具有代表性的期刊作重点分析.以3份期刊为例,介绍早期在中国通过期刊传播的无线电报技术.<时务报>最早出现"无线电报"以及"电浪"(电磁波)一词;<知新报>最早报道传真电报知识;<东方杂志>较为深入地传播了无线电报技术的广泛应用.结论 晚清期刊传播无线电报技术完全不同于图书和报纸的传播渠道,这对信息交流、新闻事业和社会文化生活产生了重大影响,同时奠定了无线电技术专业期刊产生的社会基础.     

四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义

磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热隆升史模拟能够定量恢复盆地四维动态热隆升剥蚀过程.根据四川盆地93件磷灰石裂变径迹样品定量热史模拟表明,晚白垩世以来盆地发生了广泛的阶段式抬升剥蚀作用,即晚白垩世(～65 Ma前)快速隆升剥蚀、古近纪(65～23 Ma前左右)缓慢隆升剥蚀、新近纪(23 Ma前至今)快速隆升剥蚀.晚白垩世至今盆地范围内隆升剥蚀总厚度普遍大于2.5 km,新近纪快速隆升剥蚀幅度普遍大于1 km.进一步结合31组镜质体反射率反演校正剥蚀量数据,编绘阶段性(晚白垩世以来和新近纪)四川盆地地表剥蚀量等厚图,综合表明晚白垩世以来四川盆地隆升剥蚀量等值线展布格局发生根本变化,即早期主要以NE向展布格局为主(具近NE向和E-W向特征),新近纪则主要以近E-W向展布格局、盆地南北分异(北部地区隆升剥蚀量普遍小于2 km,南部地区普遍大于2 km)为主.四川盆地大中型油气田空间分布与晚中生代-新生代低剥蚀量具有密切联系.     

华北地块南缘(霍邱-固始地区)晚石炭世地层的发现及其大地构造意义

华北地块南部皖豫交界地区发育一套原认为属于新元古代的地层,在其下段新发现了布尔顿蜓(未定种)(Boultonia?sp.)、床板珊瑚(Tabulata)、光面石燕贝类群等化石和丰富的生物碎屑,如海百合茎骨片、海绵个体碎屑等,以及晚奥陶世似针牙形石(Belodina sp.).含宏体化石组合的地层为晚石炭世,它们属于碎屑流沉积,形成于碳酸盐斜坡沉积环境.牙形石化石可能为碎屑沉积.这一发现重新厘定了该区的地层时代及构造属性,它们属于北淮阳构造带,限定了寿县断裂为大别造山带和华北地块的边界.     

新发现的侏罗纪神兽、仙兽提供哺乳动物起源与早期演化新证据

<正>2014年9月11日,Nature杂志在线发表了中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所毕顺东、王元青和孟津等研究人员题名为"Three new Jurassic euharamiyidan species reinforce early divergence of mammals"的研究论文.该文报道了在我国辽宁建昌玲珑塔地区发现的、1亿6千万年前的6件相当完整的哺乳动物化石;并命名了神兽、仙兽2个新属的3个新种:陆氏神兽(Shenshou lui)、玲珑仙兽     

元谋-昔格达断裂晚新生代新构造意义

南北地震带南西缘的元谋-昔格达断裂新构造特征对认识区域构造地貌形变、强震分布与构造应力场之间的关系、以及其在块体运动中的活动方式和强震趋势意义重大.经开展该构造带地质、地貌、形变及活动性综合研究,表明:(1)元谋-昔格达断裂活动方式总体表现为第四纪早期的逆冲和晚期的左旋走滑兼局部挤压或张剪.(2)断裂切错的地层、地貌形变特点和探槽表明:江边以南,断层最新活动时间在距今6.92±0.70~8.68±0.94 ka之间;自20.82±2.12 ka以来,断层垂向活动速率约为0.096 mm/a,水平滑动速率为1~2 mm/a;断裂强活动复发间隔应不小于8.68±0.94 ka.江边以北,断裂最新活动时间晚于12.83±1.09 ka;晚更新世以来的左旋走滑速率约为1.70 mm/a,垂向速率为0.04~0.10 mm/a;断裂强活动复发间隔大致为1~1.2万年或更短.(3)前期成果表明断裂带自晚新生代以来主要受早期的NNE-SSW向和晚期的NNW-NWW向水平主压应力场作用,而晚期局部构造应力场表明,下雷弄-江边、化同-秧田井、一平浪-罗川一带倾滑明显,影响和调整了断裂带的晚第四纪活动特点.