Structural and functional features of dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase

Dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD) catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of trans-dihydrodiols of aromatic hydrocarbons to their corresponding catechols. The tertiary structure of dimeric DD consists of a classical dinucleotide binding domain comprising two betaalphabetaalphabeta motifs at the N-terminus, and an eight-stranded, predominantly anti-parallel beta-sheet, forming the C-terminal domain The aim of this review is to summarize the biochemical and structural properties of dimeric DD, compare it to enzymes that are structurally similar, and provide an insight into its catalytic mechanism and membership amongst a unique family of monomeric/oligomeric proteins that most likely share a common ancestry.     

紫外诱变选育秦巴山区黑木耳耐高温菌株的研究

以秦巴山区黑木耳主要栽培菌株为材料,采用不同紫外照射时间和温度梯度筛选高温黑木耳品种。结果表明,黑木耳原生质体紫外诱变的最佳时间为120¹80 s,再生菌落的致死率为64%180 s,再生菌落的致死率为64%⁸2%,通过40℃高温初步筛选得到适合秦巴山区栽培的黑木耳菌株YBZ4。     

水稻白叶枯病菌致病相关基因筛选系统的建立

水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae是水稻生产中最严重的细菌性病害之一。本研究采用Tn5转座子随机插入突变的方法构建水稻白叶枯病菌广西菌株K74的突变体库,Southern杂交显示Tn5随机单拷贝插入基因组。通过水稻致病性检测试验,目前获得15个致病力降低50%以上的突变体,为定位Tn5插入突变基因,经质粒拯救、测序、序列分析后发现:4个突变基因为gum基因簇基因,5个为LPS基因簇基因,2个为metB基因,1个为hrpB1基因,2个是与糖合成转移酶相关基因,1个为编码假定蛋白的基因。其中14个突变基因是已知的与致病相关的基因。实验结果表明本研究成功建立了一个筛选水稻白叶枯病菌致病相关基因的系统,为进一步研究水稻白叶枯病致病相关基因,阐明该病的致病机理奠定基础。     

DNA transposons in vertebrate functional genomics

Genome sequences of many model organisms of developmental or agricultural importance are becoming available. The tremendous amount of sequence data is fuelling the next phases of challenging research: annotating all genes with functional information, and devising new ways for the experimental manipulation of vertebrate genomes. Transposable elements are known to be efficient carriers of foreign DNA into cells. Notably, members of the Tc1/mariner and the hAT transposon families retain their high transpositional activities in species other than their hosts. Indeed, several of these elements have been successfully used for transgenesis and insertional mutagenesis, expanding our abilities in genome manipulations in vertebrate model organisms. Transposon-based genetic tools can help scientists to understand mechanisms of embryonic development and pathogenesis, and will likely contribute to successful human gene therapy. We discuss the possibilities of transposon-based techniques in functional genomics, and review the latest results achieved by the most active DNA transposons in vertebrates. We put emphasis on the evolution and regulation of members of the best-characterized and most widely used Tc1/mariner family.Received 8 June 2004; received after revision 26 October 2004; accepted 18 November 2004     

提高多粘杆菌产硫酸粘杆菌素生物效价的研究

通过紫外诱变和优化培养基来提高发酵产品硫酸粘杆菌素的生物效价.结果表明,培养基进行优化后,硫酸粘杆菌素发酵液的生物效价可达6.03×104U/mL,较未优化的2.49×104U/mL提高1.42倍;将诱变后获得的斜面突变菌株在已优化的发酵培养基上培养后,硫酸粘杆菌素发酵液的生物效价提高至8.10×104U/mL,分别是诱变前未优化与优化的3.25倍与1.34倍,提高率分别为225%和34%.     

诺卡氏菌腈水合酶突变基因在重组大肠杆菌中的高活性表达

为了提高腈水合酶基因的重组表达水平,提出了3种基因策略:在重组大肠杆菌中共表达激活子序列、在重组毕赤酵母中表达以及对α亚基的起始密码子进行定点突变。结果表明:对α亚基的起始密码子进行定点突变的基因策略为最佳方案,突变后的腈水合酶基因在重组E.coli XL1-Blue(pUC18-NHBAM)中表达时,腈水合酶的比酶活(以干菌质量计)提高到51 U/mg。进一步以pET28a为载体,插入突变后的腈水合酶基因,构建重组菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pETNHM。对优选菌株进行培养条件和诱导条件的优化,腈水合酶的最高比酶活达到450 U/mg。     

空间诱变致成瘤性减弱的B16细胞株形态学观察

观察动物接种实验致瘤性显著减弱的空间诱变小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞株的细胞形态、细胞骨架和表面结构与对照细胞株的差异。分别使用激光共聚焦显微镜观察筛选所得阳性细胞株与对照细胞株,以及用荧光素标记的鬼笔环肽染色,观察细胞骨架的异同。应用原子力显微镜(AFM)对筛选所得阳性细胞株和对照细胞株分别成像,观察空间诱变细胞株与对照组细胞株所得图像的差异。激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果显示,从空间诱变细胞株中筛选出的8#细胞株的细胞骨架荧光较对照组增强,细胞骨架纤维比对照组粗大。AFM图像显示,8#细胞株分泌的纤维粘连蛋白的纤维形态和分布与对照组细胞有较大差异,其纤维较为扁平、走行弯曲或呈轻度迂曲状;对照组细胞纤维呈山脊状、放射状,源自细胞伪足部细胞膜。在8#细胞株图像中有少量“孔洞”样结构,而在对照组细胞中未观察到类似结构。     

青霉素G酰化酶调节基因定点诱变的研究

构建了大肠杆菌中青霉素G酰化酶（PAC）的调节基因（pacR）翻译起始密码定点突变株。对突变后PAC的表达调控特征进行了研究，结果表明：突变株的pac基因表达后能正常加工成24ku、65ku的α亚基和β亚基；突变后，虽然PAC表达仍需要苯乙酸诱导，但是，可诱导性提高，形成低组成型表达，无葡萄糖有分解代谢物阻遏效应，因而pacR对PAC表达水平存在着影响，pacR基因是葡萄糖以及它的分解代谢物在分子水平上影响PAC表达的另一作用因素。采用突变株进行发酵生产中，PAC产量较亲株提高3倍，而且可以采用葡萄糖作为碳源，有利于改善PAC的生产。     

果蝇醇脱氢酶S—139定点突变后活性的变化

经酶动力学分析，丝氨酸－１３９的突变体Ｓ１３９Ａ使ＤｍＡＤＨ完全失去催化活性。Ｓ１３９Ｃ和Ｓ１３９Ｔ使ＤｍＡＤＨ的催化能力分别下降为野生型的１４．３％和４１．６％以及４７％和７６％，而且Ｋｃａｔ／Ｋｍ（Ａｌｃ）和ＣＡＴ（Ｋｍ（ＮＡＤ）差异极为显著；对于乙醇，突变体相对于野生型变化不大；而对于ＮＡＤ，突变体相对于野生型下降到原来的１０％以上。