基于基因片段插入的旅行商问题的演化算法研究

旅行商问题是组合优化中一个广泛研究的NP-hard问题.本文引入了一种新的运算方式：基因片段插入,并利用此运算给出了一种求解旅行商问题的演化算法.实验结果表明,此算法能以较高的概率找到旅行商问题的近似最优解.     

Comparison of the community structure of planktonic bacteria in ballast water from entry ships and local sea water in Xiamen Port

In this study, the bacterial community structures in samples of ballast water collected from a ship from Singapore and of local sea water collected from Xiamen Port were compared using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Except for dominant α-Proteobacteria that are common to both systems, the bacterial community structures of the two systems were quite different. Most of the clones derived from the different systems were grouped into different phylogenetic clusters, and the sys-tems share only one common RFLP pattern. The ballast water, which is likely from clean offshore waters, contains sequences specific to α- and γ-Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ballast water contained sequences belonging to attached bacteria and bacteria commonly found in the open sea, as well as many novel sequences. In addition, no known pathogenic bacteria were detected in the ballast water samples. Conversely, water samples from Xiamen Port were apparently affected by the near shore environments.Specifically, in addition to α- and γ-Proteobacteria, water from Xiamen Port contained β- and δ-Proteobacteria, Synechococcus, Bacter-oidetes and Actinobacteria, which are common in coastal environments. Additionally, four pathogenic bacterial sequences and one plas-mid sequence of a potential red tide forming alga were detected in the water from Xiamen Port, which suggests that the local sea water is polluted. The results of this study can be used as background information to assess the risk associated with the introduction of non-indig-enous species to local systems and to establish ballast water management systems.     

活性破片能量输出特性实验研究

针对活性破片毁伤威力评估问题,提出了一种动态测量活性破片能量输出特性的方法,采用弹道发射的方式,实验测量了3种不同配方活性破片的能量输出特性.结果表明,活性破片在强碰撞载荷作用下会发生爆炸性反应并释放大量化学能,能量释放率与碰撞速度密切相关,当活性破片以约1500m/s的速度与目标碰撞时,所释放的化学能约为动能的5倍, 大幅提高了毁伤目标的能力.     

Evolutionary analysis of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp, based on ISSR, AFLP molecular markers and cloning of cyclins genes

The allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp x common carp are the first reported artificially cultured polyploid fish with bisexual fertility and stable inheritance in vertebrate. Using ISSR and AFLP markers and the cyclins genes, the genomes and cyclin gene sequence changes were analyzed between the allotetraploid hybrids and their parents. The results indicated that the allotetraploids inherited many genetic characteristics from their parents and the genetic characteristics were stable after 15 generations. However, the allotetraploids had a closer genetic relationship with their original female parents and represented a bias toward the maternal progenitor. DNA fingerprinting analysis showed that the allotetraploids had undergone sequences deletion from their original parents and that the deleted sequences were mostly from the male parent＇s genome. Some non-parental bands were found in the allotetraploid hybrids. Sequences analysis of the cyclin A1 and B1 genes showed nonsynonymous substitutions of single nucleotides in codons that were different from their original parents, leading to non-parental amino acid loci. We speculate that the non-additivity in the allotetraploids, compared with their progenitors, could be an adjustment to the genomic shock from heterozygosity and polyploidy, allowing maintenance of genetic stability.     

预制破片对屏蔽炸药冲击引爆研究*

针对破片斜冲击状态下引爆屏蔽固体炸药问题开展了研究。从理论上建立了与冲击角度相关的冲击压力计算方法。结合炸药起爆判据,可确定炸药冲击起爆的临界速度。采用Lee-Tarver点火增长模型和LS-DYNA仿真软件,对破片斜撞击屏蔽装药冲击起爆过程进行了数值模拟。利用升-降法确定了临界起爆速度,验证了理论模型的有效性;并分析了破片材料、入射角和靶板厚度对冲击起爆JO—9195固体炸药临界速度的影响。结果表明:理论计算和数值模拟误差不超过5.98%,吻合较好,表明所建立的理论计算方法是有效的。在相同条件下,钨合金破片相对于钢质和铜质破片临界起爆速度低;随着入射角和靶板厚度增加,冲击起爆的临界速度也随之增大。     

钢筋混凝土板震塌碎片特性试验

为研究钢筋混凝土板震塌碎片速度、质量和毁伤特性,对三种厚度靶板开展了14炮次爆炸试验,通过图像捕捉法获取了碎片初始速度,依据量纲分析,建立了速度与震塌系数的定量关系.对试验结果统计分析发现,有限厚度板(≤300 mm)无论发生何种破坏类型(震塌、贯穿、冲切),产生的单个碎片质量均以60 g以下为主,其中30 g以下碎片主要为单粒石子,30 ～ 60 g碎片以砂石胶结体为主,且震塌系数越小,单粒碎片尺度越小、质量越小.对等效模拟物的毁伤状态分析表明,混凝土类单粒碎片无法对25 mm厚松木板形成有效贯穿,松木板的损伤主要表现为冲击伤,板表面呈现较多冲击压痕.由于碎片自身强度有限,部分碎片对目标撞击过程中易出现碎裂或者粉碎,从而导致无法继续侵入.虽然单粒碎片无法侵入松木板,但其数量较多、单位面积上密度较大,易对人员造成大面积表皮伤.碎片束(碎片云)对目标物的持续冲击时间可达200～500 ms,可使目标产生损伤累积,最终导致目标物严重损毁或者人员伤亡.     

反应破片对中厚铝合金靶的侵彻效应研究

 研究反应破片对中厚铝合金靶的侵彻效应。设计了一种单发反应破片侵彻效应研究的试验装置,研究了反应破片在不同撞击速度下对中厚铝合金靶的侵彻效应;并利用AUTODYN-2D软件建立了反应破片侵彻中厚铝合金靶板效应的数值模拟方法。结果表明:Al/PTFE反应破片在高速撞击下具有动能和化学能双重毁伤效应,在1346~1645m/s的撞击速度下可发生点火和能量释放,在20mm厚铝合金靶上形成3.41~6.51mm的侵孔,在此基础上开展的数值模拟结果与试验结果也有较好吻合。     

常规武器爆炸产生的破片及其破坏效应

对国内外现有常规武器爆炸破片的试验与理论研究成果进行比较分析,确定了常规弹头爆炸破片的数量与质量分布、运动衰减规律以及空间分布等特性,给出了破片对结构两种破坏效应的实用计算方法,包括侵彻效应与冲量荷载,并指出破片破坏效应研究的重点和方法。     

单抗Fab片段与抗癌抗生素C1027偶联物对裸鼠移植人肝癌的治疗作用

抗人肝癌单抗3A5用氯化汞合木瓜蛋白酶消化,经SDS-PAGE、ELISA方法检测证实得到Fab活性片段。单抗3AS及Fab片段与抗癌抗生素C1027偶联,得到3A5-C1027和Fab-C1027偶联物。克隆生成测定对肝癌细胞具有极强的杀伤作用,C1027、3A5-C1027和Fab-C1027的IC50值分别为6.5 x10~(-16)、4.2×10~(-14)M和8.6×10~(-16) M。 Fab-C1027对人咽上皮癌细胞与靶细胞的杀伤活性相比,两者相差32倍,呈选择性杀伤作用。观察C1027、Fab-C1027对移植人肝癌裸鼠的治疗作用,其抑瘤率分别为59％和85％。在可耐受剂量下,C1027对人肝癌有明显的抑制作用,而Fab-C1027显示更强的抑制作用。     

基于MVC分布框架的破片战斗部仿真系统设计

针对破片战斗部起爆至破片着靶整个物理过程进行数值计算与可视化仿真,使用MVC架构、Framework组件库和JSON数据格式等计算机软件技术进行了系统整体设计和实现,实现了系统易扩展、跨平台、易维护特性。并根据用户场景中存在高计算、大数据量、多用户并发等情况设计了分布式计算架构。通过系统仿真实验结果分析,系统分布式仿真性能满足多用户并发需求,可视化仿真效果良好,能为破片战斗部实弹设计与实验提供威力评估依据。