附增缓冲区的膜-生物反应器临界通量改进测定法

利用改进的通量阶梯式递增法对膜-生物反应器(MBR)中的临界通量进行了测定,同时对不同缓冲时间下的测定值差异进行了研究.结果表明:延长缓冲区的等待时间,可有效降低通量-跨膜压差(Flux-TMP)与通量-膜渗透性(Flux-Permeability)的不对称性,削弱Flux-TMP滞后效应,降低膜面残余污染阻力,提升次临界区内污染可逆性.附增缓冲区的临界通量测定法可更好地表征膜组件过滤性能随通量的变化规律,减缓可逆污染对测定结果产生的影响.     

Influence of solid retention time on sludge characteristics and effluent quality in immersed membrane bioreactor

Here the effect of solid retention time （SRT） on the concentration of the mixed liquor suspend solid （MLSS）, the sludge characteristics, the content of extra-cellular polymeric substances （EPS）, the viscosity of mixed liquor and effluent quality in the immersed membrane bioreactor （IMBR） was investigated. The results indicate that the increase of the EPS content is the main reason for the increase of mixed liquor viscosity, the former is positively correlated with the latter （R^2 = 0.9751）. The size distribution profile of particles in the mixed liquor presents double-peak shape at SRT more than 30 days. The filtration resistance of membrane in IMBR is mainly caused by the tiny particles and the viscosity of the mixed liquor. In this study, the extension of SRT can hardly affect the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD） and NH4^＋-N, and when SRT is below 30 days, silt density index （SDIIs） is less than 3, the effluent can be deeply treated by using reverse osmosis system （RO） or nano-filtration system （NF）. The method of controlling SRT is put forward by analyzing the relationship between SRT and the minimum generation-time of dominant bacteria （at the maximum specific growth rate under the operation temperature）.     

建筑中水回用工程实例及分析

建筑的中水回用具有较大的经济效益和社会效益.采用A/O法与膜组件相结合的工艺处理小区生活污水,处理水回用于冲厕.该工艺具有处理效果好,占地面积小,能耗低,能够脱氮等优点,可以作为中水站的标准工艺流程.     

白腐菌流化床反应器降解碱木素废水研究

设计了一种适合于白腐菌处理碱木素废水的流化床生物反应器,采用2种运行方式,分批运行3个循环,碱木素脱色率为50%~80%,COD去除率达50%以上,连续运行55 d,碱木素脱色率达60%,COD去除率达84%.     

合成气发酵的质量传递限制研究进展

合成气是木质纤维素等生物质部分氧化和高温分解后的混合气化,被生物催化剂厌氧发酵后可以转化为一些有价值的生物燃料.合成气发酵技术最大瓶颈是质量传递限制,其中主要的限制步骤是气液传质.本文对合成气发酵的质量传递限制研究进行综述,重点阐述合成气发酵生物反应器以及添加剂对质量传递的影响.     

生物强化MBR处理溴氨酸废水实验研究

利用高效降解菌株Sphingomonas xenophagaQYY对MBR处理系统进行生物强化处理溴氨酸研究.对稳定运行的MBR体系进行了条件优化实验,考察了不同运行条件对生物降解性和生理状态指标等宏观功能的影响.确定了最优化的运行方式:进水溴氨酸浓度250 mg/L;不控温;曝气量0.8 L/min;水力停留时间14.5 h;pH=7.同时,采用现代分子指纹技术——核糖体基因间隔序列分析(RISA)揭示了菌群微观结构随系统操作参数变化而变化的规律.生物相分析表明,系统的游离污泥主要以杆状菌为主,而附着在中空纤维膜丝表面的菌体分为两层,第一层主要为丝状菌,第二层为含丝状菌、球状菌和杆状菌等多种形态的菌体.     

MBR中中空纤维膜和板式膜不同的膜污染机理

分析了中空纤维膜和板式膜MBR在膜污染过程中表现出的不同特点,研究了2种膜不同的膜污染机理.平行实验表明,中空纤维膜的膜面附着物是污泥泥饼层,而板式膜的膜面附着物是一层二次动态膜,这导致两者的膜污染杌理有显著区别.泥饼层是中空纤维膜的主要污染因素,二次动态膜则可以缓解作为板式膜主要污染因素的膜孔堵塞污染;同时,由于泥饼层的作用,EPS与中空纤维膜的膜污染相关性良好,而在板式膜中,EPS与其膜污染相关性很差,并且二次动态膜显著降低了SMP与膜污染的相关性;在2种膜长期运行时,相比中空纤维膜过膜压力呈现2个阶段的变化,板式膜的过膜压力经历了3个阶段的变化,这是因为二次动态膜起到了初期缓解膜污染、后期加剧膜污染的作用.     

Application of immobilized psychrotrophs in ICCBR to treat domestic wastewater and its microbiological investigation

To guarantee the efficiency of biotreatment of domestic wastewater in chilly season, six high efficient cold-adapted microorganisms were isolated, and identified as Zoogloea, Aeromonas, Flarobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas. These cold-adapted microorganisms with 63.67% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency higher than that of mesophiles at low temperature were immobilized on soft polyurethane foams and applied to internal circulation compound bioreactor (ICCBR) to treat domestic wastewater. In an experiment period of 12 months, the treatment efficiency, ecological factors, sludge physicochemical properties, and microbiology were studied. Results showed that the average COD removal efficiency in the ICCBR was 85.79% between 4℃ and 10℃ in winter, and 86.66% in the whole year, and COD of systemic effluent was below 60 mg•L⁻¹ which could achieve the first-degree B discharge standard of pollutants in China for municipal wastewater treatment plant. The reduction in microfauna and biomass on carriers could be associated with the seasonal temperature transients, the concentrations of protozoa and metazoan decreased from 110000±30000 microorganisms/mL sludge in summer to 35000±20000 microorganisms/mL sludge in winter, and biomass on carriers increased in the beginning and slightly reduced in the end.     

A/OMBR组合工艺处理酞菁染料KN-G废水

采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合(A/O MBR)工艺,处理含酞菁染料KN-G废水.研究A/O MBR对酞菁印染废水的降解能力,以及在添加微量元素Mn和不同的进水pH值条件下的降解特性.结果表明:A/O MBR工艺对酞菁染料KN-G印染废水的化学需氧量去除率可达到90%以上,脱色率为63%;添加微量元素Mn,A/O MBR系统对酞菁染料KN-G染料的脱色率下降.当进水pH值为3.0时,平均脱色效率最高达到80%,在酸性条件下酞菁染料的脱色率优于碱性条件.     

混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水

采用膜生物反应器对印染废水进行好氧生物活性处理,并对处理水样的化学耗氧量、生物耗氧量、色度和浊度等各项水质指标进行连续测定、分析与处理.实验结果表明:膜生物反应器在混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)质量浓度约5～8 g/L的条件下运行,当系统进水的化学耗氧量(COD_(Cr))为750-900 mg/L,生物耗氧量(BOD)为130-250 mg/L,色度为100-200倍时,出水COD_(Cr),去除率可高达86.6%,BOD、色度、浊度以及悬浮固体(SS)质量浓度几乎为0,处理效果较好.采用混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水技术可行.