电场辅助K+-Na+交换玻璃光波导的制作与优化

在激光玻璃中使用电场辅助K+ Na+离子交换法制作了平板光波导,发现实验结果与以往电压-时间乘积经验公式计算结果之间存在较大误差.不能忽略空间电荷分布产生内电场效应的影响,并将以往经验公式中的辅加电压项用辅加电压与玻璃内电场之差代替,使用改进后的理论模型计算的不同辅加电压范围和交换时间下的光波导扩散深度与实验数据一致.     

准分子激光诱导等离子体中镁原子及离子发射光谱…

本文报道了用准分子３０８ｍｍ激光烧蚀固体镁靶产生的低温微等离子体。用光学多道分析仪测量了等离子体中镁原子及离子的发射光谱线的Ｓｔａｒｋ展宽与延时及缓冲气体压力之间的关系，由此讨论了激光等离子体的电子密度随时间演化的特性及缓冲气体压力对激光等离子体特性的影响。     

浅析坏账准备在会计和税务上的差异

在会计核算的“八大减值准备”中，坏账准备是经常涉及的业务，由于《企业会计制度》与税法对坏账准备的计提与处理要求不同，使一些企业在会计核算与缴纳税款方面出现差错，本文从计提范围，计提标准，计提比例和核算办法四个角度，通过分析存在的差异，尽量避免在实务中出现此类差错。     

Evidence for cultivar adoption and emerging complexity during the mid-Holocene in the La Plata basin

Multidisciplinary investigations at the Los Ajos archaeological mound complex in the wetlands of southeastern Uruguay challenge the traditional view that the La Plata basin was inhabited by simple groups of hunters and gatherers for much of the pre-Hispanic era. Here we report new archaeological, palaeoecological and botanical data indicating that during an increasingly drier mid-Holocene, at around 4,190 radiocarbon (14C) years before present (bp), Los Ajos became a permanent circular plaza village, and its inhabitants adopted the earliest cultivars known in southern South America. The architectural plan of Los Ajos during the following Ceramic Mound Period (around 3,000-500 14C yr bp) is similar to, but earlier than, settlement patterns demonstrated in Amazonia, revealing a new and independent architectural tradition for South America.     

FK506 sensitizes mammalian cells to high osmolarity by modulating p38 MAP kinase activation

The immunosuppressants tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA) have increased the survival rates in organ transplantation. Both drugs inhibit the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in activated T cells, exhibiting similar side-effects. Diabetes is observed more often in FK506 than CsA therapy, probably due to inhibition of new molecular targets other than CaN. We studied FK506 toxicity in mammalian cells. FK506, but not CsA, regulated p38 activation by osmotic stress, and decreased viability in osmostressed cells. In addition, FK506 treatment strongly increased the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF-2a) subunit. eIF-2a phosphorylation, p38 inhibition and cell lethality were relieved by addition of excess amino acids to the medium, suggesting that amino acid availability mediated FK506 toxicity. Therefore, these FK506-dependent responses could be relevant to the non-therapeutic effects of FK506 therapy.Received 16 October 2003; received after revision 8 January 2004; accepted 14 January 2004     

Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in single-atom transistors

Using molecules as electronic components is a powerful new direction in the science and technology of nanometre-scale systems. Experiments to date have examined a multitude of molecules conducting in parallel, or, in some cases, transport through single molecules. The latter includes molecules probed in a two-terminal geometry using mechanically controlled break junctions or scanning probes as well as three-terminal single-molecule transistors made from carbon nanotubes, C(60) molecules, and conjugated molecules diluted in a less-conducting molecular layer. The ultimate limit would be a device where electrons hop on to, and off from, a single atom between two contacts. Here we describe transistors incorporating a transition-metal complex designed so that electron transport occurs through well-defined charge states of a single atom. We examine two related molecules containing a Co ion bonded to polypyridyl ligands, attached to insulating tethers of different lengths. Changing the length of the insulating tether alters the coupling of the ion to the electrodes, enabling the fabrication of devices that exhibit either single-electron phenomena, such as Coulomb blockade, or the Kondo effect.     

Large Cretaceous sphenodontian from Patagonia provides insight into lepidosaur evolution in Gondwana

Sphenodontian reptiles successfully radiated during Triassic and Jurassic times, but were driven almost to extinction during the Cretaceous period. The sparse Early Cretaceous record of sphenodontians has been interpreted as reflecting the decline of the group in favour of lizards, their suspected ecological successors. However, recent discoveries in Late Cretaceous beds in Patagonia partially modify this interpretation. Numerous skeletons of a new sphenodontian, Priosphenodon avelasi gen. et sp. nov., were collected from a single locality in the Cenomanian-Turonian Candeleros Formation, where it is more abundant than any other tetrapod group recorded in the quarry (for example, Crocodyliformes, Serpentes, Dinosauria and Mammalia). Adult specimens of Priosphenodon reached one metre in length, larger than any previously known terrestrial sphenodontian. Here we propose, using available evidence, that sphenodontians were not a minor component of the Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems of South America, and that their ecological replacement by squamates was delayed until the early Tertiary. The new discovery helps to bridge the considerable gap in the fossil record (around 120 million years) that separates the Early Cretaceous sphenodontians from their living relatives (Sphenodon).     

Juxtaposed regions of extensive and minimal linkage disequilibrium in human Xq25 and Xq28

Linkage disequilibrium (LD), or the non-random association of alleles, is poorly understood in the human genome. Population genetic theory suggests that LD is determined by the age of the markers, population history, recombination rate, selection and genetic drift. Despite the uncertainties in determining the relative contributions of these factors, some groups have argued that LD is a simple function of distance between markers. Disease-gene mapping studies and a simulation study gave differing predictions on the degree of LD in isolated and general populations. In view of the discrepancies between theory and experimental observations, we constructed a high-density SNP map of the Xq25-Xq28 region and analysed the male genotypes and haplotypes across this region for LD in three populations. The populations included an outbred European sample (CEPH males) and isolated population samples from Finland and Sardinia. We found two extended regions of strong LD bracketed by regions with no evidence for LD in all three samples. Haplotype analysis showed a paucity of haplotypes in regions of strong LD. Our results suggest that, in this region of the X chromosome, LD is not a monotonic function of the distance between markers, but is more a property of the particular location in the human genome.     

反相乳液聚合法合成聚丙烯酸铵的研究

以煤油为连续相,水为分散相,氨水中和的丙烯酸为单体,采用Span-80类复配乳化剂,以(NH42)S2O8为引发剂,用反相乳液聚合法合成新型絮凝剂聚丙烯酸铵.研究了乳化剂种类及用量、引发剂种类及用量p、H值、单体浓度、油相种类及用量、反应温度等因素对产物性能的影响,利用FTIR对产品进行了表征,确定了最佳实验条件。