Analysis of Reliability for 3-State Device Network with Link-Capacities

1.INTRODUCTION2-statesystemreliabilityoftenassumesthatthesystemisrepresentedbyaprobabilisticgraphG=(V,E),withasetV~{yi,v2,'',}ofvenicesandasetE~{el,e2,'',}ofedges(orlinks,branches)containedinit.Thesystemisfunctioningifthereexistsapathfromtheinputnodetotheoutputnode.Thusthereliabilityisconsideredwithamatterofconnectivityonlyandthereliabilityanalysishasbeenprimarilyconcernedwiththeenumerationofpathesorcutsinthereferences[1-4].Butinmanyphysicalsystemsuchaspowertransmissionsystems,oilorwat…     

A Combined Feasible-Nonfeasible Point Continuation Method for Strongly Monotone Variational Inequalities

IntroductionWeconsidertilefollowingvariationalinequalityproblelll(VIPforshort)wllicllistofillfiavectorx*eXsuchthatVIP(X,F)F(X*)"(X~X.)Z0VXEX.(1)wiler(iF:R;;-R"isagivenfllllctiollandXCRniscalls(1tilefeasiblesetofVIP(X.F)ItiswellknownthatVIPisaveryilnportalltrcsearcllareasillceit11dsllumerousapl)licatiollsinbothmatllelllaticsitselfalldecollonlics.Mailysocialalldeconomiclllodels,collvexluathelnaticalprogranullillgsandsooncanbecollsideredasspecialcasesofVIP,tile"lorecollcreteapplicit…     

Analysis of the Ecological and Toxicological Properties of Dyes with Reference to Safety Data Sheet

In recent years,the public awareness and concern forthe environment has increased significantly.This has re-sulted in tougher legislation and more stringent standardsfor the industry to comply.In the past,the cost,fast-ness properties and colour yield were the prime consider-ations when dyeing systems were to be selected.Today,special emphasis is also laid on the environmental prop-erties of the dyes.In this paper,the various ecologicaland toxicological properties from safety data sheet of dif-ferent dye classes were studied so as to assess the impactof the textile dyeing effluent on the environment qualita-tively and quantitatively.The results showed that eachdye class produces waste of vastly differing quantities and characteristics.Moreover,the variability of the pollu-tion parameters within each dye class was found to be very large,thus it was believed that substituting dyes of lower degree of pollution to the environment can be aneffective means to reduce the degree of pollution of the dyeing efflue     

桑给巴尔恢复昔日的辉煌

桑给巴尔——斯坦利和利维斯顿在世时曾经在这里居住(见注解)。这里还曾经是东部非洲最大的港口,它的服务面向西延伸到现在的莫桑比克以及刚果盆地。但是,多年的殖民主义统治,加上后来这个国家的社会主义政权实行闭关锁国政策长达30年之久,随着阿拉伯-印度贸易的结束,这个坦桑尼亚海岸线之外的岛国成了人们记忆中若有若无的东西。不过事情正在发生变化。眼下,桑给巴尔全国上下齐心协力,争取恢复昔日的辉煌。科雷特·拉·格朗迈松写过一本关于桑给巴尔的书。他说:"15年前,整个桑给巴尔城一片破败。政府没有钱修复,这里的海洋性气候又是那样潮湿,使得这里的一切糟糕到了无以复     

用海水浇灌农作物

随着世界人口的增长和淡水资源的日趋珍贵，研究人员正把眼光投向大海，他们要用海水浇灌某些经挑选的植物。当前全球最紧迫的问题之一就是要找到足够的水和土地来满足全球性食品需求。据联合国粮农组织估计，在今后的30年内需要20亿公顷（约合49．42亿英亩）的新耕地─—面积相当于亚利桑那、新墨西哥、犹他、科罗拉多、爱达荷、怀俄明以及蒙大拿诸州的总和──才能满足热带和亚热带地区迅速增长的人口的食品需求、可是在这些地带的国家中可供农业拓展的土地只有9亿3千万公顷──而且其中很大一部分被森林覆盖，是应保护之地。显然，我们需…     

A MULTISTEP CHARACTERISTIC FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

1.IntroductionItiswellknowthattheconvection-dictionproblemsareakindofveryimportalprob-lems,particularlylthenonlinearconvection-diffusionproblexns.Inthepaper[1],asinglestepcharacteristicflutedmerencemethodisgivenforsolvingtwcadimensionalnonlinearconvection-dilhaionproblemswiththeconvectivecoefficientsdominating.HereweshallgiveamultistepcharactersticamrencemethodbasedonthelinearandquadraticinterpolationsforsolvingtwcadAnensionalnonlinearconvection-~ionproblemsinordertoincreasetheaccuracyofapprot…     

Multicriteria Analysis of a Capacity Expansion Problem:Damaturu, Northeastern Nigeria as Case Study

1IntroductionThedecisionmakingprocessinWaterResourcesPlanningandMallagement(WRPM)isapublicplanningprocessandtheoptimumsolutionmustbeacceptedbydecisionmakerswhoinawayrepresentthegeneralPublic(Miloradov,M.etal.,1990).WRPMwithinaMulticriteriaAnalysis(MA)isacomplexanddynamoicprocessinwhichtwodecisionlevelsmaybedistinguished.Theupperleveldefinesthegoals,identifiesthecriteriaandchoosesthefinal"optimum"solution.Thesecondlevelistheengineeringlevelofatechnicalnature;itdefinesalternativesandpoin…     

Persistence in A Three Species Predator-Prey System

1IntroductionItistheauthor'sknowledgethatfewerliteraturescanbefoundonthethreespeciespredatorpreysystem.Themainpurposeofthispaperistoprovethatthesystemcanbepersistentundersomecondition,toobtainsufficientconditionforthepersistenceofthefollowingpredator-preysystemwherethefunctions6i(t),a,j(t),i,j=1,2,3arecontinuousboundedaboveandbelowbypositiveconstantsoilthehalfinfiniteinterval05t< co.Thisthreespeciessystem(l.1)showsthatthethirdspeciesisthepredatorofthefirstspeciesandthesecondspeciesthatisthepre…     

大气悬浮微粒的负面作用

根据新的模拟分析 ,大气中的炭黑对全球气候有很大的增暖作用。无论从气候或人体健康的角度出发 ,均应控制其排放