废液中N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的回收方法

从N,N-二甲基乙酰胺H2O模拟废液体系中回收N,N-二甲基乙酰胺采用蒸馏和萃取2种方法.对2种方法进行能量计算,计算结果显示利用多级逆流萃取的方法回收N,N-二甲基乙酰胺节省能量;并研究了三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷和石油醚这3种不同萃取剂的萃取效果,选出最佳萃取剂为二氯甲烷;确定了最佳萃取条件为pH=7,常温,相比为1.     

The optimal configuration of reciprocating engine based on maximum entransy loss

A class of two-heat-reservoir heat engine model with heat leakage,finite heat capacity high-temperature source and infinite heat capacity low-temperature heat sink,is researched with the finite-time thermodynamic theory and the entransy theory.The optimal configuration based on the minimum entropy generation and the maximum entransy loss under the given cycle is searched,which are compared with the optimal configuration based on the maximum output work,and all the heat transfer in the model is assumed to obey the Newton’s law.The results show that,for the infinite heat capacity high-temperature source,the optimal configuration does not change whether heat leakage exists or not;however,for the finite hightemperature reservoir,the optimal configuration is different among which based on the minimum entropy generation,the maximum entransy loss,and the maximum output work when the heat leakage exists.     

铜线拉丝模具的优化设计

针对当前铜线拉拔过程中,铜线拉丝速度提高,模具磨损加重的问题,通过对铜线拉丝模具的几何尺寸和金属丝塑性变形的数学分析,基于经典的上界定理,建立数学模型,求解在铜线拉拔过程中,具有最小功率下铜线拉丝模具压缩区的最佳锥角,并估计其误差。采用拼合的凹模模拟铜杆拉拔过程,测得拉拔因子,同时就模具的材质、润滑条件和拉拔力对最佳锥角的影响进行了讨论。研究表明,当铜线截面压缩率为20％～25％之间时,铜线拉丝模具压缩区的锥角2α控制在17°～20°的范围中为最优,此时铜线拉拔过程可有效减少模具磨损,延长了模具寿命。     

ETM+遥感影像最佳波段融合质量评价

利用最佳指数(OIF)法得出泉州市2001年ETM+遥感数据的最佳波段组合为波段5、4、2;采用乘积变换、Brovey变换、HIS变换、小波变换等4种典型的融合方法,分别进行ETM+最佳波段组合影像与ETM+全色波段影像的融合;计算融合后影像与原始影像之间的相关系数,从空间相关系数、光谱相关系数2个方面进行定量和定性评价.结果表明,Brovey融合后的影像信息损失最小、对于光谱保真性最好,小波变换融合方法次之;而小波变换融合后影像对于空间分辨率的改善效果最好,Brovey融合方法次之.针对本研究区,在4种融合方法中,Brovey变换和小波变换融合方法是最佳的选择.     

兴趣原则在非目的语国家汉语教学中的应用

非目的语国家的汉语教学由于无语言环境的使用练习使得课堂教学成为重中之重。如何调动学生的课堂学习积极性以达到最佳教学效果是教师教学设计和实践的重要内容,而将兴趣原则作为最重要的教学原则加以运用无疑是保证有效教学的重要因素。为此,课堂教学可以从设计和制造悬念与情节,把握和考量层次与节奏,讲究和注重吸引与记忆,引发和活跃兴趣与气氛等方面具体实践。     

金属橡胶在巧克力奶过滤上的应用研究

金属橡胶兼有金属和橡胶的双重性质,具有一系列优良特性.运用VHX-600超景深三维显微镜和HPCA-2便携式污染度检测仪等设备,选用不同结构参数的金属橡胶,对巧克力奶进行过滤研究.通过改变材料孔隙度、丝径和成型厚度3个因素,绘制出巧克力奶过滤前后污染度等级变化折线图.最后对折线图进行横向和纵向比较,总结出材料孔隙度的降低、丝径的减小以及厚度的增大均可提高材料的过滤性能.     

考虑蒸发、溶解和生物降解效应的油粒子模型

针对油粒子模型仅考虑油粒子的随流输运、随机游走过程而忽略溢油风化作用的缺陷,对现有模型进行了修正,建立了考虑蒸发、溶解、生物降解效应的改进的油粒子模型。构造典型案例,对改进前、后油膜厚度预测结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,油膜厚度受溢油风化过程影响较为显著;对于不同规模的溢油量,改进前后油膜厚度差值随着溢油量的增加逐渐增大;对于相同规模的溢油量,改进前后预测厚度差值由中心向四周呈减小趋势。     

机场水泥混凝土道面加铺层厚度敏感性

为了分析机场水泥混凝土道面加铺层各计算参数的取值对加铺层厚度的影响,采用《军用机场水泥混凝土道面设计规范》(GJB 1278A-2009)的方法对机场水泥混凝土加铺层厚度进行计算分析。研究结果表明:新、旧水泥混凝土道面间的结合系数对加铺层厚度有明显的影响,特别是结合系数从0增大到0.2时,加铺层厚度减少17.98%~47.54%;加铺层厚度随着加铺层道面板尺寸的增大而增大;增加加铺层混凝土强度可以明显减少隔离式双层道面加铺层的厚度,而增加旧道面混凝土强度可以明显减少结合式双层道面加铺层的厚度;在进行机场水泥混凝土道面加铺层设计、施工时,需要综合考虑各结构参数对加铺层厚度的影响。     

减振器叠加节流阀片的研究

为了探究减振器叠加阀片等效厚度、设计方法及其对减振器特性的影响,对节流阀片在阀口位置的弯曲变形量和叠加阀片等效厚度进行了研究,给出了等效厚度计算公式. 对叠加阀片的应力进行了分析,对阀片应力和厚度之间的关系及叠加阀片最大厚度的设计进行了探讨. 通过实例对叠加阀片进行了设计和验证,并进行了阻力特性试验. 试验表明,叠加阀片厚度设计、等效厚度计算和应力分析方法是准确的和有效的.     

The effects of the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing on the forecast of tropical cyclone tracks

The Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)is configured for the region of(15°–41°N,105°–135°E),which covers the same area with the MASNUM(Key Lab.Marine ScienceNumerical Modeling,State Oceanic Administration)wave-tide-circulation coupled operational forecast system.Three numerical experiments are implemented to investigate the effects of the real-time forecasted sea surface temperature(SST)and the nonbreaking wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv)on the track forecast of all 33 tropical cyclones(TC)in the model domain area during 2008 and 2011.The first experiment employs NCEP FNL(NCEP final analysis)SST as WRF’s bottom condition as the Control run,which is also the default setup of WRF.The second and third experiments use real-time forecasted SST from the MASNUM forecast system with and without Bv,respectively.The forecasted track results are compared with Japan Meteorological Agency’s best track data.For 24-h forecast,the averaged TC position error of Experiment with Bv is reduced by 9%compared to the Control experiment,while the forecasted track error of Experiment without Bv is reduced by only2%compared to the Control experiment.For the 48-h forecast,the averaged track errors are reduced by 10%and6%with Bv and without Bv compared to the Control experiment,respectively.These results suggest that the real-time forecasted SST can improve the performance of WRF in forecasting TC track,and the Bv plays an important role in reducing the forecast error of TC track.Comparatively,Bv can improve more on the track of stronger TC.