鄱阳湖沉积物正构烷烃特征及其生物源

通过分析鄱阳湖沉积物正构烷烃特征,探讨其沉积有机碳的生物源.鄱阳湖沉积物有机碳含量呈现明显的空间分布差异,距离湖区村庄越远,沉积物有机碳含量减小.沉积正构烷烃以短链烃占绝对优势,正构烷烃C21-/C22+值大于1,(C15+C17)/(C23+C25)值大于2,表明正构烷烃的生物源主要为湖泊菌藻类,且菌藻类生物量贡献的沉积物正构烷烃大于水生沉水植物和陆生植物.湖泊沉积有机质包括湖泊自生源和流域陆生源,在使用总有机碳及其同位素等指标时须有效区分其生物源.鄱阳湖沉积正构烷烃携带了明确的生物源信息,是湖泊生态环境研究的良好指标.     

AB-8大孔树脂对菱角壳黄酮提取物的吸附性能研究

弱极性大孔树脂AB-8用于野生菱角壳提取物中的黄酮类化合物的分离纯化.实验结果表明,AB-8大孔树脂对菱角壳黄酮提取物的吸附在1 h后基本达到平衡,饱和吸附量为89.2 mg/g,最大吸附率为78.4%,当流速为10 mL/min,样品量为0.052 5 g时,用70%的乙醇对菱角壳提取物中黄酮类化合物进行解吸的解吸率为82.3%.     

圆柱滚子轴承座孔偏斜误差对转子振动性能的影响

对于滚动轴承支承的转子,由于加工及安装精度的限制,常会产生轴承座孔的偏斜现象,这种偏斜将会对轴承及整个转子的刚度产生影响,进而影响到转子的振动性能。本文以圆柱滚子轴承支承的转子为研究对象,在对当轴承座孔存在偏斜时圆柱滚子轴承内外圈和滚子受力和变形、转子弯曲变形进行分析的基础上,构建了轴承座孔有偏斜情况下的轴承径向刚度和偏转刚度的计算模型,进而构建了考虑轴承座孔偏斜的转子振动计算模型。通过一个具体的算例,研究了轴承座孔偏斜误差对轴承支承刚度及转子振动性能的影响规律,得到了一系列规律性的曲线,并进行了解释。     

基于有限元方法的圆筒形容器开孔等面积法补强效果研究

根据"钢制压力容器分析设计标准(JB 4732-1995)"规定的应力评定准则,分别建立传统采用的"路径1"和标准《压力容器》(GB 150-2011)推荐的"路径2"两条路径,采用有限元分析方法对直径1 000~3 000mm的容器(具有直径100~1 000mm开孔)进行接管壁厚的设计,并将采用"应力分析方法"得到的结果与采用"等面积法"的计算结果进行了对比。分析结果表明,等面积法较之传统采用的"路径1"偏于危险,但较之GB 150-2011推荐的"路径2"则偏于保守,根据实践经验和有限元分析结果,认为按照"路径2"进行设计更加符合实际情况。     

分离纯化3-甲硫基丙醇的大孔吸附树脂筛选

通过静态吸附、解吸实验对7种不同类型的大孔吸附树脂D101,DM-08,DM-18,DM-130,D301,D318,330进行筛选.选择吸附、解吸率较高的树脂进行动力学特性研究,并比较了吸附等温线的差异.结果表明,D101型树脂综合性能最佳,适合3-甲硫基丙醇的富集.     

再生竹纤维球形介孔气凝胶的表征

为获得均一稳定的纤维素气凝胶,以再生竹纤维为原料,采用滴定悬浮和真空冷冻干燥的方法制备球形纤维素气凝胶。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,球形纤维素气凝胶为纤维素II型结构,内部为疏松多孔的网络状结构。球形纤维素气凝胶的比表面积均在240 m2/g以上,且孔径均在15 nm以下,最小密度可达37 mg/cm3,这表明球形纤维素气凝胶具有较高的比表面积、较小的孔径。热重分析(TG)结果表明,纤维素气凝胶大球的最大热失重温度为364.4℃,纤维素气凝胶中球的最大热失重温度为357.3℃,纤维素气凝胶小球的最大热失重温度为354.2℃,而再生竹纤维的最大热失重温度为354.0℃。球形纤维素气凝胶在污水处理、海水除油、重金属离子吸附等领域具有开发价值。     

乙醇-水体系下MAS-7介孔分子筛的合成及其催化木质素液化的性能

在乙醇-水体系下,合成了介孔分子筛MAS-7,通过XRD和N2吸附-脱附技术对其进行表征。结果表明,在乙醇-水体系下合成的MAS-7（1）具有和传统水热条件合成的MAS-7相同的六方介孔结构,同时具有更窄的孔径分布及更高的比表面积。将其用于催化木质素液化反应中,重点考察了分子筛合成中乙醇的用量、木质素液化反应中液化温度、液化时间、催化剂的用量等因素对催化木质素液化反应的影响。得到了较佳的工艺条件,即1g木质素中加入0.10g MAS-7（1）,12mL乙二醇,185℃下反应2.5h,木质素液化率可达69%。同时,乙醇-水体系中合成的MAS-7（1）具有较好的催化稳定性。     

Retarding and manipulating of DNA molecules translocation through nanopores

Nanopores are emerging sensitive sensors that can detect and analyze single charged molecule. Nanopores present a promising approach for sequencing human gen- ome below US$1,000 because of its superior performance, such as high throughput and low cost. However, a dominant bottleneck, that is, the high translocation speed of DNA molecules, has to be overcome. This property decreases accuracy of nanopore sensors to the single-base level. In this review, we mainly introduce the recent research works of retarding and manipulating of DNA motion through nanopores by actively control of three forces, which are the driving force, interaction force between nanopore and molecule, and exterior drag force. Lastly, conclusion and further outlook are presented pore-based DNA sequencing on future directions of nano- technology.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Translocation of polymer through nanopore: dissipative particle dynamics simulation

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations are performed to study the forced translocation of polymer through a nanopore inside which the polymer experiences a driving force F. Hydrodynamic interaction （HI） is taken into account for the polymer in good solvent. We find that the mean translocation time 〈t〉 scales with the polymer length N as 〈t〉 ~ N^a with α = 1.26 ± 0.03 close to a theoretical pre- diction, and the probability distribution of t can be described by a Gaussian function. Our results show that the dynamics of polymer translocation with the HI is different from that without the HI. However, the exponent 6 in the scaling 〈t〉 ~ F^-δ is found not to be affected by the HI effect.