基于AIS数据的船桥碰撞概率评估方法研究

针对船桥碰撞风险评估中桥梁船撞概率计算问题,基于自动识别系统(AIS)数据获得桥梁船撞影响参数,以解决现有方法中没有考虑特定桥梁航区实际通航船信息的问题.基于AIS数据分析了航行船舶动态,获得了船舶位置、航速和偏航角等参数,分析了船舶交通流,并以实际的船舶交通流对AASHTO规范模型中的几何概率进行修正;基于内河流域水流变化规律对AASHTO规范模型中的偏航概率进行修正,对比分析了修正前后的结果差异.结果表明:AASHTO规范模型没有考虑通航船舶的实际航道和速度变化情况,会导致所计算的桥梁船撞概率结果误差较大;对于船舶航行情况复杂的桥区,有必要采用基于AIS数据获得的实际通航船舶信息来估计船舶在桥区的分布情况,以提高计算结果的准确性;对于水流流速变化达到3 m/s,流向角变化达到3°的流域,应考虑水流变化对碰撞概率的影响.     

基于特征碘离子的非靶向筛查鉴定河北省地下水中碘化消毒副产物

联合高分辨质谱和碘化消毒副产物(I-DBPs)的特征质谱性质, 建立一套完整的非靶向分析方法。以河北省17口监测井为研究对象, 筛查地下水样品中I-DBPs的种类、数量及分布。共筛选出含有同分异构体的I-DBPs疑似离子2408种, 其中不同质荷比的数量为839, 远高于以往研究报道的I-DBPs数量。疑似I-DBPs离子中, 对碘离子响应强度排前十位的离子进行结构鉴定, 其中响应强度排前两位的两种离子被鉴定为酚类I-DBPs, 其发育毒性比对应的脂肪族I-DBPs高数十至数百倍。进一步的分析结果表明, 酚类I-DBPs是样品中主要的I-DBPs 类型之一。最后, 通过主成分分析, 讨论2408种疑似I-DBPs的分布特征。根据主成分分数, 筛选出明显偏离其他采样点的3个采样点。根据装载因子, 通过高斯混合模型对疑似I-DBPs进行聚类, 得到4类离子, 其中3类离子分别属于3个离群采样点的特征污染物。这些结果表明, I-DBPs的分布在河北省内的不同地区具有明显的差异性和复杂性。     

磺酸化CNTs在钙钛矿太阳能电池电极中的应用

为解决钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)中采用贵金属作为对电极(counter electrode,CE)而导致的成本高昂问题,对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行磺酸化处理,并将磺酸化CNTs(s-CNTs)作为对电极材料应用到PSCs中.利用稳态荧光(PL)、电化学阻抗(EI)等方法对PSCs的电荷传输过程进行研究,结果如下:与CNTs对电极相比,s-CNTs对电极具有更好的导电性、更优异的空穴提取和传输能力,在s-CNTs基PSC上获得6.18％的能量转换效率.当喷涂量为1 mL/块,退火温度为100℃,退火时间为30 min时,s-CNTs基PSC的各项性能最优,并具有较好的重复性.研究结果为改善碳基PSCs的光电性能提供了新思路.     

从新冠疫情防控看信息技术创新应用促进经济社会高质量发展

新冠疫情发生以来,互联网、大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术在服务疫情防控和经济社会发展中发挥了重要作用.通过梳理新一代信息技术创新应用在疫情防控、社会服务、复工复产、新动能培育等领域发挥的重要作用,从生产生活空间变化、技术产业增长、公共数据融通应用、数字化转型共识形成等4个方面剖析了新冠疫情为新一代信息技术创新带来的重要机遇,并在此基础上探讨新一代信息技术促进经济社会发展面临的制约因素,并提出相关对策建议.     

Constrained voting extreme learning machine and its application

Extreme learning machine(ELM)has been proved to be an effective pattern classification and regression learning mechanism by researchers.However,its good performance is based on a large number of hidden layer nodes.With the increase of the nodes in the hidden layers,the computation cost is greatly increased.In this paper,we propose a novel algorithm,named constrained voting extreme learning machine(CV-ELM).Compared with the traditional ELM,the CV-ELM determines the input weight and bias based on the differences of between-class samples.At the same time,to improve the accuracy of the proposed method,the voting selection is introduced.The proposed method is evaluated on public benchmark datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the original ELM algorithm.Further,we apply the CV-ELM to the classification of superheat degree(SD)state in the aluminum electrolysis industry,and the recognition accuracy rate reaches87.4%,and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is more robust than the existing state-of-the-art identification methods.     

基于收缩视角的吉林省城镇化要素协调性测度

侧重于城市收缩的视角,综合引用标准差椭圆、协调耦合度、灰色关联系数等计量模型,借助ArcGIS和SPSS分析软件,对吉林省人口、用地、经济城镇化演进特征与协调性特征进行了分析研究.结果表明:(1)近10年来吉林省城镇人口、建设用地、城市经济指标均呈现出收缩的端倪,并且城镇化要素成长的空间差异性显著;(2)中部城市群是各类城镇化要素集聚的重要承载地域,但各要素空间分布仍存在一定的差异,其中经济要素空间分布的集聚程度最高;(3)以长春为代表的中部地区各市县城镇化要素均显示出较高程度的协调性,研究时限内中部大中城市城镇化要素的灰色关联系数亦相对较高,城市发展整体呈现出增长态势,而边远小城市经济要素与人口、用地要素之间呈现出显著的不协调特征,部分要素收缩趋势明显,不同等级城市的城镇化要素协调性特征差异显著.     

A sparse algorithm for adaptive pruning least square support vector regression machine based on global representative point ranking

Least square support vector regression(LSSVR)is a method for function approximation,whose solutions are typically non-sparse,which limits its application especially in some occasions of fast prediction.In this paper,a sparse algorithm for adaptive pruning LSSVR algorithm based on global representative point ranking(GRPR-AP-LSSVR)is proposed.At first,the global representative point ranking(GRPR)algorithm is given,and relevant data analysis experiment is implemented which depicts the importance ranking of data points.Furthermore,the pruning strategy of removing two samples in the decremental learning procedure is designed to accelerate the training speed and ensure the sparsity.The removed data points are utilized to test the temporary learning model which ensures the regression accuracy.Finally,the proposed algorithm is verified on artificial datasets and UCI regression datasets,and experimental results indicate that,compared with several benchmark algorithms,the GRPR-AP-LSSVR algorithm has excellent sparsity and prediction speed without impairing the generalization performance.     

人类卫生健康共同体视域下的全球科技合作研究——以新冠肺炎疫情为背景

新冠疫情暴发以来,中国政府和人民秉持人类命运共同体理念,运用一系列先进技术,在较短时间内扭转了国内疫情的严峻形势.在此背景下,为了更好地发挥中国方案在全球抗疫中的作用,文章运用内容分析法和归纳分析法,首先梳理了从人类命运共同体到人类卫生健康共同体的理论逻辑,其次探究了人类卫生健康共同体、全球科技合作与疫情防控之间的结构关系,最后分析了中国疫情防控的有效举措,进而得出结论:中国疫情防控工作的成效离不开人类命运共同体理念的指引和全球科技合作的开展,而中国在平台建设、机制整合及合作网络等领域的方案共享将有助于遏制全球疫情的蔓延.     

基于深度神经网络的高环境 适应性水声通信系统研究

深度神经网络中的自动编码器(Autoencoder,AE)通过收发端两个神经网络模块进行全局优化,利用端到端的训练方式以提高通信系统的可靠性.然而,现有对AE的研究未针对信道进行特殊设计,尤其对于时变的水声信道的多径效应,难以进行灵活调整,降低了该方法的实用性.本文提出一种提高水声通信系统信道环境适应性的Attention-Autoencoder网络模型,基于Attention网络可以高效地从大量信息中筛选出关键信息的特点,设计了一种针对水声信道的Attention机制,该机制能够增加网络提取水声信道特征的能力,使系统的适应性大大提高.仿真验证和湖试实验结果表明,基于Attention-Autoencoder网络模型的通信系统与基于文献中AE模型和没有引入神经网络的水声通信系统相比,具有更高的信道环境适应性.     

SAR image de-noising via grouping-based PCA and guided filter

A novel synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image de-noising method based on the local pixel grouping(LPG)principal component analysis(PCA)and guided filter is proposed.This method contains two steps.In the first step,we process the noisy image by coarse filters,which can suppress the speckle effectively.The original SAR image is transformed into the additive noise model by logarithmic transform with deviation correction.Then,we use the pixel and its nearest neighbors as a vector to select training samples from the local window by LPG based on the block similar matching.The LPG method ensures that only the similar sample patches are used in the local statistical calculation of PCA transform estimation,so that the local features of the image can be well preserved after coefficients shrinkage in the PCA domain.In the second step,we do the guided filtering which can effectively eliminate small artifacts left over from the coarse filtering.Experimental results of simulated and real SAR images show that the proposed method outstrips the state-of-the-art image de-noising methods in the peak signalto-noise ratio(PSNR),the structural similarity(SSIM)index and the equivalent number of looks(ENLs),and is of perceived image quality.