谷氨酸AMPA受体拮抗剂CNQX对大鼠颠倒学习的影响

研究利用旋转T迷宫装置,通过食物强化,分别训练大鼠视觉辨别学习和颠倒学习任务;每次训练前均向动物腹腔注射20μg/kg的谷氨酸AMPA受体拮抗剂CNQX,以考察其对大鼠学习能力的影响.结果发现,CNQX并不影响正常学习,但对于颠倒学习,CNQX注射组的学习次数较控制组显著增加,说明CNQX可以对大鼠的认知灵活性造成损害.     

The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction

Cannabinoids represent one of the most widely used hallucinogenic drugs and induce profound alterations in sensory perception and emotional processing. Similarly, the dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter system is critical for the central processing of emotion and motivation. Functional disturbances in either of these neurotransmitter systems are well-established correlates of the psychopathological symptoms and behavioral manifestations observed in addiction and schizophrenia. Increasing evidence from the anatomical, pharmacological and behavioral neuroscience fields points to complex functional interactions between these receptor systems at the anatomical, pharmacological and neural systems levels. An important question relates to whether these systems act in an orchestrated manner to produce the emotional processing and sensory perception deficits underlying addiction and schizophrenia. This review describes evidence for functional neural interactions between cannabinoid and DA receptor systems and how disturbances in this neural circuitry may underlie the aberrant emotional learning and processing observed in disorders such as addiction and schizophrenia. Received 20 January 2006; received after revision 14 March 2006; accepted 29 March 2006     

索乐与维思通治疗首发精神分裂症疗效及安全性比较

目的比较国产利培酮(索乐)与进口利培酮(维思通)治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法92例首发精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,分别口服索乐3mg/d和维思通3mg/d,疗程为12周。用阳性阴性症状量表(PANSS)、不良反应量表(TESS)、体格检查及实验检查评定疗效和安全性。结果索乐的治疗总显效率为68.2%,维思通治疗总显效率为77.8%,两组疗效差异无显著性;但在治疗12周末,两组间的PANSS总分和各分量表得分差异有显著性(P<0.05);维思通组在治疗2周后、索乐组在治疗4周后PANSS总分和各分量表得分较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.05 or<0.01);两组药物不良反应经确切检验差异均不明显。结论同等使用3mg/d剂量,索乐与维思通治疗首发精神分裂症均安全有效,但维思通疗效更好,起效更快。     

PSD对慢性精神分裂症患者共情能力和社会功能的影响研究

目的探讨心理情景剧(PSD)对慢性精神分裂症患者共情能力和社会功能的影响.方法选取精神分裂症患者104例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各52例.两组均给予精神药物治疗,观察组患者辅以PSD治疗,3个月为1个疗程.分别于治疗前后采用人际反应指针量表(中文版)(IRI-C)、情绪-社交孤独问卷(ESLI)、得克萨斯社交行为问卷(TSBI)、罗森伯格自尊量表(SES)、阴性症状量表(SANS)、住院精神病患者社会功能评定量表(SSPI)对两组患者进行测定.结果治疗后观察组IRI-C总分、幻想能力(FS)得分、观点采择(PT)得分、同情性关心(EC)得分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).治疗后观察组患者ESLI,TSBI,SANS,SES,SSPI评估结果均较对照组明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).观察组治疗后评估结果明显优于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论 PSD能够明显提升精神分裂患者的共情能力,改善社会功能,减轻患者的社交孤独感.