Impaired auditory sensorimotor gating： An animal model of schizophrenia

Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing? theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review.     

Recent developments in neuropsychological endophenotypes for schizophrenia: Development of the MATRICS battery,liability syndromes and the near future

Cognitive deficits are now recognized widely as core features of schizophrenia, and as major contributors to the clinical outcome of the disorder. They are also studied widely as ‘endophenotypes’, reflecting a growing consensus that schizophrenia is a broader, more multidimensional illness than the diagnostic criteria required for its formal diagnosis. This evolving view of cognition underlies its utilization in recent initiatives for intervention and assessment in schizophrenia. Two of these initiatives ar...     

基于像素的形态测量学方法及其在脑图像处理中的应用

基于像素的形态测量学(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)是一种基于像素对脑结构图像自动、全面、客观的分析技术,可定量检测脑组织成分的密度,从而进行不同群体间局部差异的比较.对VBM方法的提出、发展和应用做了简要的介绍,阐述了VBM的基本原理;并应用该方法对精神分裂症患者的脑结构磁共振图像进行了处理和分析,与正常人进行比较,发现了有意义的差异;并指出VBM方法的局限性以及利用该方法进行研究的意义.     

心理护理干预对改善住院精神分裂症患者病耻感的影响研究

目的通过对住院精神分裂症的患者在治疗和康复的过程中进行心理护理干预,探讨对改善患者病耻感的影响。方法将80例住院精神分裂症的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例,对照组患者进行精神科常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予系统的健康教育和心理护理,采用精神疾病病耻感量表与干预前,干预3月末采用世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表(WHOQOL-100)评定两组患者的病耻感和生活质量。结果观察组干预3个月末精神疾病病耻感量表的总分及各纬度评分均低于治疗前(P0.05或P0.01)。对照组在干预后仅在歧视、病情掩饰的评分低于治疗前(P0.05)。观察组与对照组比较,在干预3个月末的总分和歧视、病情掩饰、积极效应3个维度分均显著减低(P0.05或P0.01)。在干预3个月末,WHOQOL-100评分如下:观察组独立性、社会关系心理状态及生理领域评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论运用综合心理护理干预方案可以有效降低患者的病耻感,提高治疗和康复效果,有利于患者回归社会,改善其生活质量。     

精神分裂症和情感障碍家系中夫妻互患癌的研究

探讨了精神分裂症、情感障碍与癌症之间关系。采用了精神分裂症和情感障碍的家系分析法和对照比较法。结果表明情感障碍组夫妻癌发生率高于精神分裂症组 ;各级亲属患癌率分析表明精神病与癌症之间无明显关联存在。因此 ,癌症的发生与人类的情绪有关 ,不健康的心理状态是癌症发生的不良因素。     

ACE基因缺失型与Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症的关系及临床意义

应用阳性症状量表(SAPS)和阴性症状量表(SAVS)确定93例精神分裂症患者临床分型并与63例对照者进行ACE基因多态性检测,探讨ACE基因多态性与临床分型的关系。结果表明,精神分裂症组ACE基因缺失型(DD)明显高于对照组(p<0.01)。DD基 因型在Ⅰ型分裂症患者中的分布为57.35％,高于Ⅱ型分裂症患者的40％(p<0.001);D等位基因频率为70.59％,高于Ⅱ型分裂症患者的62％(p<0.05),提示DD基因型与Ⅰ型精神分裂症密切相关。     

基于Morse跌倒评分策略下精准护理在住院老年精神分裂症患者跌倒预防中的应用

目的 探讨基于Morse跌倒评分策略下精准护理在住院老年精神分裂症患者跌倒预防中的应用效果.方法 选取2020年5月 ～2021年5月我院60岁以上老年精神分裂症患者112例作为研究对象,随机分为两组.对照组患者接受常规跌倒预防措施,干预组患者在接受常规跌倒预防措施的基础上,采用Morse跌倒评估量表进行跌倒风险评估,...     

精神分裂症动物模型的研究进展

摘要:精神分裂症是一种复杂的重性精神病,持续性强。 患者常常无法控制自己的情绪,出现被害妄想、厌世甚至自杀等行为。 建立精神分裂症疾病动物模型能够有助于探索其发病机制,从而优化临床诊断和治疗方法。 本文将从精神分裂症、精神分裂症理想动物模型、精神分裂症现有动物模型等方面进行论述,力求进一步完善精神分裂症动物模型,进而为研究精神分裂症发病机制以及新药的开发提供理论依据。     

Epigenetic mechanisms in the context of complex diseases

Complex diseases arise from a combination of heritable and environmental factors. The contribution made by environmental factors may be mediated through epigenetics. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence and are meiotically or mitotically heritable. Such changes in gene expression are achieved through the methylation of DNA, the post-translational modifications of histone proteins, and RNA-based silencing. Epigenetics has been implicated in complex diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and systemic lupus erythematosus. The prevalence and severity of these diseases may be influenced by factors that affect the epigenotype, such as ageing, folate status, in vitro fertilization and our ancestors’ lifestyles. Although our understanding of the role played by epigenetics in complex diseases remains in its infancy, it has already led to the development of novel diagnostic methods and treatments, which augurs well for its future health benefits. Received 6 December 2006; received after revision 29 January 2007; accepted 15 March 2007     

氯氮平并小量碳酸锂治疗首发精神分裂症45例

目的:了解氯氮平并小量碳酸锂治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性.方法:采用氯氮平平均剂量为(247±61)mg/d并碳酸锂0.75 g/d治疗首发精神分裂症45例,疗程8 w,治疗前后进行PANSS、BPRS评定.副反应主要根据临床观察、心电图及实验室检查.结果:合并治疗8 w后PANSS量表和BPRS量表的减分率有明显的下降,t检验有统计学意义(p<0.01),未见严重的不良反应.结论:氯氮平并小量碳酸锂治疗首发精神分裂症疗效显著,副反应少、安全性强,可能减轻白细胞下降的程度,或减少白细胞降低的发生率.