由两种彼此完全交叉免疫的病毒导致的流行病模型

研究了一类带有竞争性的双致病毒的SIRS流行病模型,在假定完全交叉免疫和密度依赖死亡率的条件下得到了病毒间排他性的条件及疾病持续的条件.     

运动与巨噬细胞的研究进展

巨噬细胞(Mφ)是参与免疫应答的重要细胞。中、小强度的运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力增强,而大强度运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力下降;同时运动也使机体内一些神经递质、激素的分泌水平发生变化,而激素、神经递质的改变又影响神经内分泌系统对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。     

鲎血淋巴系统的特点及其功能

鲎的血淋巴系统由心脏、血管和血淋巴液组成．心脏和血管系统非常发达，而且血液量巨大．血淋巴液由血浆和血细胞组成．血浆主要含有血蓝蛋白、02—巨球蛋白、C—反应蛋白等．对鲎血细胞的种类，看法不一，其主要的血细胞类型为颗粒性血细胞，其胞质中含有特征性的大小颗粒．鲎的血淋巴中含有50种以上的免疫因子，大都位于大小颗粒中，它们在鲎的天然免疫中起重要的作用．     

Antimicrobial skin peptides and proteins

Human skin is permanently exposed to microorganisms, but rarely infected. One reason for this natural resistance might be the existence of a ‘chemical barrier’ consisting in constitutively and inducibly produced antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Many of these AMPs can be induced in vitro by proinflammatory cytokines or bacteria. Apart from being expressed in vivo in inflammatory lesions, some AMPs are also focally expressed in skin in the absence of inflammation. This suggests that non-inflammatory stimuli of endogenous and/or exogenous origin can also stimulate AMP synthesis without inflammation. Such mediators might be ideal ‘immune stimulants’ to induce only the innate antimicrobial skin effector molecules without causing inflammation. Received 9 August 2005; received after revision 21 October 2005; accepted 16 November 2005     

生物免疫原理在多代理分布式入侵检测系统中的应用

入侵检测是一个新的、迅速发展的领域,已成为网络安全体系结构中的一个重要环节. 通过对多代理技术和入侵检测方法的研究,提出了一种基于生物免疫原理的多代理分布式入侵检测系统模型,并且对该系统的结构和代理的处理流程进行了描述. 该系统是一个开放的系统,具有很好的可扩展性,易于加入新的入侵检测代理,也易于增加新的入侵检测. 代理之间的协同采用独立的通信服务代理来实现,特有的自身检测代理确保检测系统本身的安全.     

Decision-making at the surface of the intact or barrier disrupted skin: potential applications for vaccination or therapy

The skin is a highly accessible organ and constitutes an active immunological site. Both these properties make this surface an attractive route for what promises to be a cost-effective, simple, practical and needle-free delivery of vaccines and immunomodulators. Less obvious is the fact that the state of the skin barrier can influence quantitative and qualitative aspects of antigen-specific immune responses. The everyday decision-making at the skin epithelium concerns the choice between the induction of an immune response and the establishment of a state of non-responsiveness (tolerance). This decision is influenced by various factors such as the dose, the route (intact vs barrier-disrupted skin), the cytokine microenvironment and the nature of the antigenic stimulus. By increasing our understanding of how immune responses are regulated in the epidermis we can envisage the development of immunisation protocols aimed at eliciting a protective immune response or inducing tolerance, with direct applications to preventive or therapeutic vaccination, respectively.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 2 February 2005; accepted 22 February 2005     

Anthrax lethal toxin: a weapon of multisystem destruction

Lethal toxin (LT) is a major virulence factor secreted by anthrax bacteria. It is composed of two proteins, PA (protective antigen) and LF (lethal factor). PA transports the LF inside the cell, where LF, a zinc-dependent metalloprotease cleaves the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) enzymes of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, thereby impairing their function. This disruption of the MAPK pathway, which serves essential functions such as proliferation, survival and inflammation in all cell types, results in multisystem dysfunction in the host. The inactivation of the MAPK pathway in both macrophages and dendritic cells leads to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine secretion, downregulation of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86, and ineffective T cell priming. The net result is an impaired innate and adaptive immune response. Endothelial cells of the vascular system undergo apoptosis upon LT exposure, also likely due to inactivation of the MAPK pathway. The activity of various hormone receptors such as glucocorticoids, progesterone and estrogen is also blocked, due to inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, thus affecting the bodys response to stress. The present review summarizes the various disarming effects of Bacillus anthracis through the use of a single weapon, the lethal toxin.Received 12 June 2004; received after revision 13 July 2004; accepted 28 July 2004     

藏产红景天混合提取物对BALB／c小鼠免疫功能的影响

选择淋巴器官脏器系数,迟发型变态反应,脾脏抗体生成细胞数,巨噬细胞蚕噬指数等免疫免疫学指标观察藏产多种红景天对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在５００－２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量范围内能增加ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠胸腺的相对重量,足跖厚度及脾脏抗体生成细胞的数量。     

计算机病毒免疫策略的探讨

分析了反计算机病毒技术的现状，探讨了计算机病毒免疫的重要性和具体方法