The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

浅谈过程质量控制的几种管理因素

立足国内电气产品组装的现状,结合技术引进的成果,从工艺管理与质量管理方面阐述了影响产品过程质量控制的几种管理因素。     

浅析21世纪材料的发展前景

介绍了21世纪各种金属和非金属材料的发展状况,特别是新型材料在新的领域及各个领域所起到的关键性作用,简要分析了各种材料的性能,综述了材料的研究现状和发展前景,指出了选择材料所应注意的几个问题。     

基于响应面法的泥水盾构同步注浆材料性能

泥水盾构隧道在富水高压地层掘进中,同步注浆浆液易逸散流失,为满足注浆要求,需研制出复掺外加剂的高性能注浆材料.以南昌地铁4号线过江盾构隧道工程为依托,在传统外加剂材料的基础上引入纳米材料,选用膨润土(BE)、羟乙基甲基纤维素(HEMC)与纳米二氧化硅(NS)为复合外加剂组分,采用响应面法,以外加剂掺量为配合比变量,探讨3种外加剂及其交互作用对注浆浆液性能的影响.研究表明:①在对凝结时间影响方面,NS＞ HEMC＞ BE,NS具有促凝作用,而HEMC起缓凝作用;在对抗压强度影响方面,HEMC＞ NS＞ BE,HEMC与BE不利于抗压强度发展,NS可以显著提高抗压强度;在对抗水分散性影响方面,HEMC＞ BE＞ NS,HEMC与BE有利于改善抗水分散性.②NS具有小尺寸、高活性等特点,可以加速水泥水化进程,缩短浆液初凝时间,提高浆体早期强度,对浆液性能起着积极作用.③通过响应面法建立的回归模型与响应曲面,可以很好地反映外加剂对浆液性能的影响,同时能对复掺外加剂的浆液配比进行优化,所制备的新型注浆材料能够满足在富水高压地层盾构隧道施工的注浆要求.     

木材采运系统物质流与能量流模式的分析

在木材采运系统中,物质流可分为木质流、生物质流、养分流、土壤流和水分流,能量流推动物质流的流动和转换。用输入、排放、输出3股物质流组成的木质流图,反映出木材采运系统各工序内部和工序之间的物质流动,可分析系统的立木资源效率和环境负荷。采用输入、输出、加入、损失、回收他用5股能量流组成的能量流图,反映出系统各工序内部和工序之间的能量流动,可用于分析单位能耗和能量效率。对原木采集生产过程进行分析,得出采集系统中各物质流之间的相互关系以及物质流与能量流的耦合关系。     

Viscosity behavior of magnetic suspensions in fluid-assisted finishing

Magnetic fluid-assisted finishing has been verified both theoretically and experimentally as an effective fabrication technology for optical mirrors and lenses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel design of polishing tool and demonstrate the possible applications of this technology. The work includes studying the viscosity of the magnetic suspensions of micrometer-sized Carbonyl iron particles under the influence of a magnetic field. Both the cases of magnetizable suspension with and without abrasive cerium oxide particles are studied for their ensuing polishing effectiveness. Determination of material removal function is conducted using a Wyko Nat1100 interferometer. Experiments to reduce surface roughness with the proposed tool are also performed using a K9 mirror as the work-piece. Results show that the surface accuracy is improved over three times to less than 0.5 nm after two cycles of polishing.     

基于材料创意构思的现代首饰设计

现代首饰设计注重以材料的创意构思体现全新的视觉品味,本文从材料创意构思的角度探讨现代首饰设计,结合实例分析首饰设计的材料创新观念,从日常生活材料的借用、废旧材料的再设计、材料重组与佩带者的互动等三个方面进行创意构思分析,发挥材料的生命潜力,使首饰设计兼具实用性与艺术创新性,同时注重展现人性化、环保化、个性化的设计思路,运用材料的丰富资源,为现代首饰设计创新提供一个思考的途径.     

材料科学与工程专业开设材料力学课程的探讨

从材料科学与工程专业所开设的材料力学课程的特色以及该课程在专业知识体系和课程设置中的地位出发．阐述了材料科学与工程专业开设材料力学课程的必要性和重要性,并对该课程的授课内容和授课方式等注意事项进行了讨论。     

PMMA/MT纳米复合材料的研究

用烷基铵盐对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,使其成为有机蒙脱土.X射线衍射(XRD)表明有机阳离子同钠离子发生离子交换作用,导致层间距扩大.制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,测试了力学性能、阻燃性能.通过XRD、DSC等手段研究了结构与性能,并与纯PMMA进行了对比.实验结果表明:PMMA可以插层于蒙脱土片层之中,得到共混物的力学性能和耐热性都有所提高.     

智能推送技术在企业信息系统中的应用

针对当前信息交互效率不高的问题,通过对智能推送技术的分析,提出智能推送系统平台的基本架构。并结合物资管理系统,详细分析了智能推送技术的应用领域及其具体实现的关键技术。