Wiener过程性能退化产品可靠性评估新Bayes方法

针对Wiener过程性能退化产品的可靠性评估问题,通过分析先验分布和损失函数两个因素,提出一种新的Bayes方法.假定Wiener过程参数服从共轭先验分布,对求解参数的后验分布进行理论分析;基于平方损失、绝对损失、0-1损失3种损失函数,分别求得Bayes估计结果;对航空发动机可靠性评估进行了实例分析.相对于已有方法,该方法在求解参数的后验分布时具有更广泛的适用性,并且运算过程更简单.对于民航发动机可靠性评估这一特定应用,3种损失函数中选取绝对损失函数时参数估计的拟合程度最优.     

广义帕累托分布的应力-强度可靠性的贝叶斯估计

基于不同形状参数的广义帕累托分布,讨论应力-强度参数的贝叶斯估计.通过模拟得出在平方损失函数和0-1损失函数下的贝叶斯估计值比较相近;有先验信息条件下的贝叶斯估计的均方误差值低于无信息先验条件下的贝叶斯估计的均方误差值.     

基于MCMC算法的贝叶斯面板单位根检验

针对面板单位根检验存在检验势不稳定和原假设设置主观选择的问题,提出基于面板数据分位自回归模型,选择非对称Laplace分布的似然函数对模型进行贝叶斯分位回归分析.结合参数的完全条件分布设计MCMC抽样算法,进行贝叶斯分位单位根检验,并利用Monte Carlo模拟实验研究了贝叶斯分位单位根检验的有效性与可行性.研究结果表明,基于面板数据分位自回归模型的贝叶斯单位根检验方法解决了检验势不稳定以及原假设主观设置的问题,能够给出更全面稳健的单位根检验判断.     

Testing for the usefulness of forecasts

Ashley (Journal of Forecasting 1983; 2 (3): 211–223) proposes a criterion (known as Ashley's index) to judge whether the external macroeconomic variables are well forecast to serve as explanatory variables in forecasting models, which is crucial for policy makers. In this article, we try to extend Ashley's work by providing three testing procedures, including a ratio‐based test, a difference‐based test, and the Bayesian approach. The Bayesian approach has the advantage of allowing the flexibility of adapting all possible information content within a decision‐making environment such as the change of variable's definition due to the evolving system of national accounts. We demonstrate the proposed methods by applying six macroeconomic forecasts in the Survey of Professional Forecasters. Researchers or practitioners can thus formally test whether the external information is helpful. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecast Combination and Bayesian Model Averaging: A Prior Sensitivity Analysis

In this study we evaluate the forecast performance of model‐averaged forecasts based on the predictive likelihood carrying out a prior sensitivity analysis regarding Zellner's g prior. The main results are fourfold. First, the predictive likelihood does always better than the traditionally employed ‘marginal’ likelihood in settings where the true model is not part of the model space. Secondly, forecast accuracy as measured by the root mean square error (RMSE) is maximized for the median probability model. On the other hand, model averaging excels in predicting direction of changes. Lastly, g should be set according to Laud and Ibrahim (1995: Predictive model selection. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 57 : 247–262) with a hold‐out sample size of 25% to minimize the RMSE (median model) and 75% to optimize direction of change forecasts (model averaging). We finally apply the aforementioned recommendations to forecast the monthly industrial production output of six countries, beating for almost all countries the AR(1) benchmark model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation of the Products Reliability Based on Zero-Failure Data

1　IntroductionThezero-failuredataresearchisanewfieldintherecentyears,butitisrequiredurgentlyinpracticalprojects,sotheworkhasmoretheoryandpracticalvalues.Fromthearticle[1]presenting,moreandmoreattentionispaidbyresearchersallovertheworldintheze-ro-fai...     

Forecasting regional house price inflation: a comparison between dynamic factor models and vector autoregressive models

This paper uses the dynamic factor model framework, which accommodates a large cross‐section of macroeconomic time series, for forecasting regional house price inflation. In this study, we forecast house price inflation for five metropolitan areas of South Africa using principal components obtained from 282 quarterly macroeconomic time series in the period 1980:1 to 2006:4. The results, based on the root mean square errors of one to four quarters ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts over the period 2001:1 to 2006:4 indicate that, in the majority of the cases, the Dynamic Factor Model statistically outperforms the vector autoregressive models, using both the classical and the Bayesian treatments. We also consider spatial and non‐spatial specifications. Our results indicate that macroeconomic fundamentals in forecasting house price inflation are important. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于贝叶斯网络的供应扰动风险态势分析

运用贝叶斯网络对供应链中供应扰动风险的相关因素进行量化分析,得出了在供应扰动情况下以最短时间恢复正常生产是减少损失的最有效措施,而追加生产量不会大幅度降低损失.最后选择一个典型供应扰动案例,对基于贝叶斯网络的供应扰动风险态势进行算例分析,证明了模型的可行性和结论的合理性.     

云南高原湖泊群的统计学聚类识别 及水质响应模式研究

为探究湖泊群水质变量的响应模式,构建适用于监测数据匮乏的湖泊群聚类和响应模式识别方法体系(PCA-BN),包括4个步骤:数据预处理、PCA降维与湖泊聚类、贝叶斯网络构建及参数学习、湖泊响应关系模拟。以云南高原湖泊群为例开展研究,结果表明:所研究的26个湖泊可分为两类;由于第一类湖泊受到的人为干扰更严重,因而叶绿素a对总氮和总磷的响应比第二类湖泊更敏感;第一类湖泊表层水温高,溶解氧趋近饱和,随叶绿素a变化不显著,第二类湖泊溶解氧随叶绿素a升高而显著升高;两类湖泊的透明度与叶绿素a的关系一致。     

一种基于贝叶斯的渐进式图像匹配框架研究

提出了一种新的渐进式图像匹配框架,将图像匹配与图像概率更新结合在一起解决这一问题.该框架在当前匹配结果上,利用贝叶斯方法对最可信目标图像进行高效的重新估算,并且可保证提高后续的图像匹配效果.实验结果表明,与一次性图像匹配方法相比,所提方法的匹配性能更优.此外,即使是对外观发生变化及包含远离主体对象的图像场合,所提方法性能仍然健壮.