Correlation of burial organic carbon and paleoproductivity in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation, northern North China

In general, total organic carbon (TOC) is directly used as a proxy for paleoproductivity, however, it is not only affected by paleoproductivity, but also controlled by redox conditions and terrigenous detrital matter influx. Major and trace elements were analysed with the purpose of investigating the redox potential and paleoproductivity during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation. In the present study, C-S relationship, V/Cr ratio and Mo concentration indicate that the dolomites were deposited in oxic environments, however, most of the black shales were accumulated in euxinic environments. P/Ti values in the Hongshuizhuang samples can be compared with those in the Japanese Ubara Permian-Triassic section which were regarded to be deposited under a moderate to high paleoproductivity. Ba/Al values are slightly lower than that of the laminated sediments from the continental margins of Central California (CCAL) which were thought to be accumulated under a high paleoproductivity. These results indicate that the paleoproductivity was moderate to high during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation. Burial organic carbon shows positive correlations with V/Cr and Mo, but shows only weakly or no correlation with P/Ti and Ba/Al, respectively, suggesting that although the paleoproductivity was moderate to high during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation, its organic-rich sediments were predominantly controlled by redox conditions and had no direct relationship with paleoproductivity.     

Electrochemical Study of Conductive Gel Polymer

Conventional ion-conducting polymer consists of electrolyte salt and polymer matrix, so-called salt-inpolymer. It possesses lower conductivity because the migration of ions depends on the motion of polymer segmental. To increase the ionic conductivity, a kind of gel polymer film （GPF） was prepared by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate （MMA） monomer in room-temperature ionic liquid （RTIL）, 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate （BMIPF6）. Due to immeasurably low vapor pressure, high ionic conductivity, and greater thermal and electrochemical stability, BMIPF6 is suitable electrolyte salts for ion-conducting polymer.     

An Introduction to the Computer-based TOEFL

First,I will examine the features of thecomputer-based TOEFL test by comparing itwith the paper-based TOEFL test.1 . The New Question TypesThere are two kinds of computer-basedtesting:computer linear and computer adap-tive. In a computer adaptive test ( CAT) ,questions are tailored to each examinees level,while in a linear test,the performance of theexaminee is not taken into consideration( ETS,1 999f) . In the computer-based TOE-FL test,two of the sections( listening andstructure) a…     

Dispersion Compensation of 50 km SMF Optical Transmission Systems with a Linearly Chirped Fiber Grating

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Integrated Joint Source-Channel Symbol-by-Symbol Decoding of Variable-Length Codes Using 3-D MAP Sequence Estimation

Most of multimedia schemes employ variable-length codes （VLCs） like Huffman code as core components in obtaining high compression rates. However VLC methods are very sensitive to channel noise. The goal of this paper is to salvage as many data from the damaged packets as possible for higher audiovisual quality. This paper proposes an integrated joint source-channel decoder （I-JSCD） at a symbol-level using three-dimensional （3-D） trellis representation for first-order Markov sources encoded with VLC source code and convolutional channel code. This method combines source code and channel code state-spaces and bit-lengths to construct a two-dimensional （2-D） state-space, and then develops a 3-D trellis and a maximum a-posterior （MAP） algorithm to estimate the source sequence symbol by symbol. Experiment results demonstrate that our method results in significant improvement in decoding performance, it can salvage at least half of （50%） data in any channel error rate, and can provide additional error resilience to VLC stream like image, audio, video stream over high error rate links.     

Carboxymethytl Pachymaram Up-Regulates Dendritic Cell's Function in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice in vitro

The effect of carboxymethytl pachymaram ( CMP ) on the function of dendritic cells(DCs) derived from spleens of hepatitis B virus transgenic mice are studied in vitro. The phenotypes of DCs are tested by flow cytometry (FCM), cytokines measured by ELISA. The expression of DCs' phenotypes in HBV transgenic mice are low (CD80~ CD11c~ :59.12±11.53 vs 9.60±4.53, p<0.01; CD80 MHC-Ⅱ~ : 44.86±12.31 vs 9.80±5.72, p<0.01, normal mice vs HBV transgenic mice), the ability of DCs stimulating T lymphocytes proliferation decreases (0.37±0.11 vs 0.20±0.11, p<0.05, normal mice vs HBV transgenic mice), levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ decrease whereas the level of IL-10 increases; CMP can enhance DCs' ability of stimulating T lymphocytes proliferation, facilitate the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ, inhibit the secretion of IL-10, thus up regulates DCs function. The results show a good prospective use of CMP on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.     

Singular Value Decomposition based on AR Model of Quasiperiodic Signal

Ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｓｅｒｉｅｓｓｉｇｎａｌａｒｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｎｄｅｆ ｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ .Ｉｔｉｓｐｒｏｖｅｄｉｎ [1 ]ｔｈａｔａｎｙｓｔａｔｉｏｎ ａｒｙｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃａｎｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅＡｕｔｏｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ (ＡＲ)ｍｏｄｅｌ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｉｎｍｏｓｔｃａｓｅｓｔｈｅｓｉｇｎａｌｏｒｐｒｏ…     

Voltage-controlled Kerr response in Ni/Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3 heterostructures

Voltage-modified magneto-optical Kerr effect（MOKE） is widely used to describe the converse magnetoelectric（ME） effect in the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic（FE/FM） heterostructures. However, the applied voltage can possibly give rise to electro-optical effect of the FE layer, which would also affect the Kerr signals in the MOKE system. Here, we used an AC voltage to modulate the magnetization in the Ni/Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3（PZT） heterostructures with different pre-polarization states of the PZT layers to investigate the complexity of the Kerr signals. The results suggested that the voltage control of Kerr signal contained several origins; however, the straininduced ME effect dominated in the ME effect in the heterostructures.     

Enhanced structural stability of adenovirus nanocapsule

Application of viral vector in gene therapy and vaccination is still limited by their structural stability, which significantly increased avoidable cost in storage and transportation. Herein a non-covalent conjugated low-pH degradable nanocapsule has been adopted to stabilize viral vectors. By utilizing a luciferase expressing adenovirus, AdCMVLuc, we succeeded in a raise of over 11 folds in AdCMVLuc’s structural stability after 12 days storage at 4 1℃.