配点法解开孔杂形薄板弯曲问题的研究

提出了用最小二乘边界配点法解决受均布荷载,任意边界条件下开孔杂开薄板弯曲问题的方法。     

网眼罗拉型集聚纺集聚区须条集聚机理分析

为深入研究网眼罗拉型集聚纺系统中纤维须条在流场作用下的运动规律,建立了集聚区域的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,并运用Fluent软件对该区域的流场进行数值计算,然后建立了纤维微元在气流场中的动力学模型,利用自编的Matlab程序对其进行求解,最后获得了纤维在集聚区的运动轨迹.研究结果表明不同初始位置的纤维运动轨迹能够反映须条的集聚规律;气流的横向作用力能够使须条在集聚方向上发生集聚;上层纤维较网眼罗拉表面的纤维集聚速度快;y轴向气流力使须条贴伏在网眼罗拉表面.     

出砂量对射孔套管力学性能的分析计算

油井生产中地层出砂会严重影响射孔套管的力学性能,造成套管损坏。建立射孔套管在出砂层段的三维力学有限元模型,应用Ansys有限元软件分析该出砂层段射孔套管力学性能。研究认为,在出砂地层射孔套管力学性能变化较大,表现为射孔处套管的抗挤强度减小,套管最大应力在射孔处产生。均匀载荷下,套管应力与地层中出砂高度成抛物线关系,生产中应减小或增加出砂量达到远离出砂高度临界值,以减小套管应力。非均匀载荷下,随着出砂量增加,产生的空洞高度增加,套管的应力逐渐减小。因此,在非均匀载荷下,应提高出砂量以增加空洞高度,达到提高套管的抗挤强度,延长套管使用期限。     

爆炸冲击作用下射孔管柱动力学响应试验

针对射孔段管柱爆炸冲击动态响应问题,建立了地面模拟试验测试系统;并对射孔管柱端部的压力和加速度响应进行测试。测试结果表明:爆轰产物对管柱端面形成反复的冲击作用,且随着爆轰产物从射孔孔洞释放冲击压力不断衰减。射孔冲击载荷对枪管的非对称加载特性导致射孔枪管端部的轴向和径向振动,以及枪管整体的向下运动和翻转运动。轴向加速度振动幅值最高;但衰减较快,响应时间短,枪管向下的运动速度最大;径向加速度振动幅值衰减较为缓慢,且响应时间较长。研究对射孔段管柱爆炸冲击动态响应特性获得了初步的认识,可为进一步的研究提供有益的参考。     

Relationship between action potential, contraction-relaxation pattern, and intracellular Ca2+ transient in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure

Abnormalities of contractile function have been identified in cardiomyocytes isolated from failed human hearts and from hearts of animals with experimentally induced heart failure (HF). The mechanism(s) responsible for these functional abnormalities are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the relationship between action potential duration, pattern of contraction and relaxation, and associated intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in single cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle (LV) of dogs (n = 7) with HF produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations. Comparisons were made with LV cardiomyocytes isolated from normal dogs. Action potentials were measured in isolated LV cardiomyocytes by perforated patch clamp, Ca²⁺ transients by fluo 3 probe fluorescence, and cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by edge movement detector. HF cardiomyocytes exhibited an abnormal pattern of contraction and relaxation characterized by an attenuated initial twitch (spike) followed by a sustained contracture ('dome') of 1 to 8 s in duration and subsequent delayed relaxation. This pattern was more prominent at low stimulation rates (58% at 0.2 Hz, n = 211, 21% at 0.5 Hz, n = 185). Measurements of Ca²⁺ transients in HF cardiomyocytes at 0.2 Hz manifested a similar spike and dome configuration. The dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation pattern and Ca²⁺ transients seen in HF cardiomyocytes coincided with a sustained plateau of the action potential. Shortening of the action potential duration by administration of saxitoxin (100 nM) or lidocaine (30 μM) reduced the duration of the dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation profile as well as that of the Ca²⁺ transient profile. An increase of stimulation rate up to 1 Hz caused shortening of the action potential and disappearance of the spike-dome profile in the majority of HF cardiomyocytes. In HF cardiomyocytes, the action potential and Ca²⁺ transient duration were not significantly different from those measured in normal cells. However, the contraction-relaxation cycle was significantly longer in HF cells (314 ± 67 ms, n = 21, vs. 221 ± 38 ms, n = 46, mean ± SD), indicating impaired excitation-contraction uncou pling in HF cardiomyocytes. The results show that, in cardiomyocytes isolated from dogs with HF, contractile abnormalities and abnormalities of intracellular Ca²⁺ transients at low stimulation rates are characterized by a spike-dome configuration. This abnormal pattern appears to result from prolongation of the action potential. Received 22 January 1998; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 27 March 1998     

穿孔板空气薄膜阻尼结构隔声特性

为了提高空气薄膜阻尼结构中低频段隔声性能,本文提出采用复合穿孔结构的空气薄膜阻尼结构,即穿孔板空气薄膜阻尼结构。首先,利用FE-SEA混合法构建了空气薄膜阻尼结构的数值模型,并与实验结果进行了对比验证了模型的有效性。在此基础上,研究了穿孔板空气薄膜阻尼结构孔的位置、穿孔率、孔径及孔的形状和排布方式等结构参数对其隔声性能的影响。研究结果表明,在附加板上穿孔使空气薄膜阻尼的隔声性能有明显提升,而基板上穿孔其隔声性能改善效果不佳。并且穿孔率和孔径是影响隔声性能的重要因素,而孔的形状和排列对隔声性能影响不大。本文研究为中低频段空气薄膜阻尼隔声结构设计提供了依据,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

碱矿渣胶凝材料在快速测定烧结多孔砖抗压强度中的应用

烧结多孔砖生产质量控制和施工质量控制都要求能快速测定出烧结多孔砖抗压强度值,介绍了碱矿渣胶凝材料在快速检测烧结多孔砖抗压强度中的作用原理及应用。     

一类化学反应流的传输问题的均匀化

研究了一类穿过具有周期分布的活性固体颗粒的区域外部,且在固体颗粒内部发生反应的化学反应流的均匀化问题.利用周期Unfolding方法,证明了均匀化结果,并在此基础上给出了矫正结果.这些结果完善了Conca,Diaz和Timofte的工作.     

不同喷气形式下船舶微气泡减阻水池试验研究

针对一平底型船模，分别在船模底部的首、中部安装多孔硅材料板以生成微气泡，在大型拖曳水池中进行了五种拖曳速度、五种喷气量、三种喷气形式下的对比性试验，试验结果表明，在相同条件下，船模首、中部同时喷气，减阻效果均优于仅在首部喷气的情况，总减阻率达32．8％，在相同拖曳速度和不同喷气形式下，纵倾角随喷气量变化很小，可忽略对总减阻率的影响。     

变孔径多孔集水管的水力设计

由于管壁的摩擦阻力和管内流体速度沿轴向增大 ,多孔集水管内的压力沿轴向减小 .基于水力学原理推导出多孔集水管内各种变量间的无量纲关系式 ,并给出了变孔径多孔集水管水力设计的一种简易方法 .