不同绿豆品种苗期抗旱性的比较研究

对两个不同绿豆品种在不同的水分胁迫条件下对其苗期进行抗旱性进行分析〔1〕.结果表明 :不同绿豆品种的电解质外渗率、伤害率、株高下降率、相对含水量、自由水含量、束缚水含量、游离脯氨酸含量均有显著差异 .大明绿的抗旱性显著优于鹦歌绿的抗旱性 ,通过试验还发现 ,用直线回归方程的斜率来分析绿豆幼苗的抗旱性有一定的可行性〔2〕.     

QTL mapping of the root traits and their correlation analysis with drought resistance using DH lines from paddy and upland rice cross

A Double Haploid (DH) population, 116 plants, derived from the cross between Japonica upland rice IRAT109 and paddy rice Yuefu, planted in PVC pipe under upland ecosystem in 2001 and 2002, was used in this study. Seven root traits, including basal root thickness (BRT), total root number (RN), maximum root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root fresh weight to shoot fresh weight (RFW/SFW) and ratio of root dry weight to shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW), were studied. Using index of drought resistance (IDR), the ratio of yield under upland ecosystem to yield under lowland ecosystem of DH lines, as the criteria of drought resistance, and correla-tion analysis between root traits and IDR, showed that BRT, MRL and RN were significantly correlated with IDR. High IDR lines had thicker BRT, longer MRL and less RN than low IDR lines. A molecular linkage map with 94 RFLP markers and 71 SSR markers covering 1535.1 cM was pro-duced. QTLs and G譋 interactions for BRT, RN, MRL, RFW, RDW, RFW/SFW and RDW/SDW were obtained based on the constructed molecular linkage map and soft-ware QTLmapper version 1.0. A total of 18 additive QTLs and 18 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with root traits were detected. There were nine additive QTLs and two pairs of epistatic QTLs performed significant interactions with environment. Some QTLs with high general contribution and no G譋 interaction were obtained. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs mrl3 and mrl8, brt3 and brt11a controlling MRL and BRT had high general contributions of 21.51% and 13.03% respectively. An additive QTL and a pair of epistatic QTLs controlling RFW and RDW had high general contributions of 13.50% and 25.64% respectively. Marker assisted selec-tion (MAS) for rice drought resistance based on QTL with high general contribution, low G譋 interaction and tightly linkage with IDR were also discussed.     

三十烷基磷酸酯钾(TPK)对苜蓿幼苗抗旱生理效应的影响

应用不同浓度的TPK(三十烷基磷酸酯钾)溶液在水分胁迫条件下处理苜蓿(Medlicago Sa-tiva L.)幼苗,目的是探讨TPK对苜蓿幼苗的抗旱性生理效应的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,三种不同浓度(0.1mg.L-1、0.01mg.L-1、0.001mg.L-1)的TPK对植株的生理指标及形态特征有明显的调节作用,均能不同程度地提高苜蓿的抗旱性。主要表现在脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性等生理指标以及株高、鲜重等形态指标的提高。其中以0.01mg.L-1的TPK溶液浓度的效果最佳。     

渗透胁迫和水淹对不同抗旱性小麦品种幼苗叶片多胺？…

在根际渗透胁迫和离体叶片水淹条件下处理的抗旱性小麦品种（旱选４号）和不抗旱性小麦品种（陇春１０号）幼苗，结果表明，叶片中Ｐｕｔ累积远大于Ｓｐｄ和Ｃａｄ的含量，渗透胁迫下，旱选４号Ｐｕｔ累积量大于陇春１０号；而水淹时，两者Ｐｕｔ相差不大，表明两种不同胁迫地不同小麦品种Ｐｕｔ的生物合成和降解具有不同的作用，不同程度渗透胁迫的处理结果表明，在轻度胁迫下，多胺含量有较为明显的增加，提示多胺在胁迫防御以应中     

RE包衣剂对玉米生长及苗期抗旱性的影响

用高效成膜剂携带植物生长调节物质及酶活性物质包衣玉米种子，干后播种，结果表明适当深度的ＲＥ包衣处理提高玉米苗叶绿素含量，抑制地上生长，促进根系生长，提高根冠比，经士旱处理，玉米苗保护酶（ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ）活性上升，而ＰＯＤ活性下降，ＭＤＡ含量下降，Ｐｒｏ含量上升，ＲＥ包衣处理表现了壮苗、抗旱的作用。     

花生抗灾与节本增效关键技术研究与示范

1主要研究成果 （1）研究建立了花生室内高渗溶液萌发抗旱鉴定技术，完善了生育期内抗旱性综合评价技术，建立了较为完善的花生抗旱评价体系；明确了花生耐旱的生理适应机制；发现了利用pH计鉴定花生发芽期耐涝性技术；     

地膜覆盖栽培对小麦生长发育及产量的影响

１９９８－１９９９年，在罗江县丘陵旱地和广汉市平原稻茬麦田进行小麦地膜覆盖栽培的小区试验和大区示范，结果表明：（１）丘陵旱地膜际栽培有显著的抗旱保墒作用，其产增收效果显著，增产１５５１．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，增幅达３８．４％，纯收益达１５５６．０ｈｍ＾２。平原稻茬麦田膜覆盖栽培同样具有显著的增产增收效果，万以膜际栽培效果最好。（２）地膜覆盖栽培对小麦生长发育有显著的促进作用，植株增高，叶面积扩大，干物     

油菜素内酯对羊草抗旱性的影响

采用叶面喷施不同浓度的油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR),盆栽控水模拟土壤干旱环境的方法,研究BR对羊草抗旱性的影响.对羊草的重要渗透调节物质以及质膜稳定性等进行了测定和分析.结果表明:与清水喷施相对比,经BR处理的羊草脯氨酸含量增加,质膜透性降低,叶绿素含量增加,叶片相对含水量提高,从而提高了羊草的抗旱性.其中,0.1 mg·L-1的BR对提高羊草的抗旱性效果最好.     

玉米抗旱性评价指标的系统分析

对可用于玉米抗旱性评价的指标进行了系统研究,并借引了灰色关联度分析法进行了评价指标的筛选。研究结果表明:对于一个玉米品种进行抗旱性鉴定,不仅需进行多指标的重复测定,且需综合评定各生育时期的抗旱性。因而提出种子萌发胁迫指数、干旱后幼苗存活率、抗旱系数三位一体的初级鉴定指标,同时结合光合速率、ABA含量、NRase活性等次级鉴定指标的玉米抗旱性鉴定指标体系。表1,参28。