气体抗溶剂法制备乙基纤维素微球过程的实验研究

对超临界流体制粒中的气体抗溶剂(GAS)法进行了改进，并制备出了平均粒径为0．1～10μm乙基纤维素微球，同时对GAS过程的影响因素，进行了系统的实验研究．结果表明，溶液浓度、温度对微球粒径大小影响显著；压力对粒径分布影响显著．此研究为运用GAS法制备粒径较小，具有缓释、靶向、黏附等功能的乙基纤维素含药微球打下基础．     

压力对超临界流体技术制备药物微粒的影响

研究了压力对乙基纤维素空白微粒粒径，以及阿莫西林-乙基纤维素-卡波谱缓释、黏附微粒性能的影响．实验表明乙基纤维素空白微粒和药物缓释、黏附微粒的粒径均随压力的升高而减小，但药物微粒的载药量和释放度曲线随压力的变化不明显。     

五种预氧化工艺处理污染原水的消毒性能比较

观察了水中腐殖酸和乳糖蛋白胨培养液的含量变化对高锰酸钾、氯、氯胺单独处理工艺及高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用工艺消毒效果的影响．结果表明，有机物浓度越高，高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用工艺与单独氯或氯胺工艺消毒效能相比所占优势越明显，尤其是当水中含有大量有机氮化合物时，采取高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用能更有效提高预处理时消毒效能．对有机污染严重的水源水进行预处理时，高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用预氧化能够减少有机物对消毒效果的影响，发挥预处理工艺对致病微生物的多级屏障作用，保障供水安全。     

黄土地基不良地质界面瞬态地质雷达波形FDTD正演分析

黄土地层容易受到侵蚀形成缺陷,基于地质雷达方法,可有效探测出黄土地层中不良地质体的形态及分布。本文以解析方法研究并推导了地质雷达波在黄土界面的反射波幅、折射波幅及电磁场强度;通过时域有限差分方法对几种特殊地电模型进行数值模拟,研究地质雷达波在不良地质体界面的入射波、反射波的波幅及其分布形态。结果表明:黄土地层中不良地质体的相对介电常数直接影响地质雷达反射波幅,当地层中含水量增加时,地质雷达反射波幅增大、折射波幅减小;特殊地层中,地质雷达波在黄土-空气界面的反射强度为0,透射强度为1,在黄土-金属界面的反射强度为1,透射强度为0。     

基于电场感应的水下无线电力传输

为了验证水下电能传输的可行性和研究影响传输效率的因素,采用电场耦合原理进行了简单的无线充电电路设计,对电场耦合式无线电能传输的系统结构和基本工作原理进行介绍,分析了其相比于磁场耦合方式的特点,以及由此带来的相应优势,通过多物理场仿真模拟极板间电场分布,设计了一种LC双边的CPT系统,采用单片机组成脉宽调制控制电路并用功率放大电路模块组成发射端和接收端。结果表明了运用电场耦合原理进行无线充电的可行性,在研究中发现极板间的传输距离是影响水下无线充电效率的一个因素,而且两个电极之间的杂散电容也会影响极板间的功率,所以由于极板间隙的存在极板间的功率损耗较大。所提出的LC双边CPT系统,不仅实现了水下无线电能传输,还保证了在一定距离和频率下传输效率的稳定。     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.     

基于改进Sobel算法的焊缝X射线图像气孔识别方法

提出一种具有自适应能力的焊缝X射线图像气孔检测方法.通过局部动态阈值分割法设计了多方向的焊缝X射线图像模板,采用Sobel算法对复杂背景下的焊缝进行边缘检测和区域标记,并在标记区域对原始图像x和y方向的灰度梯度进行分析,以增强小气孔和粘连气孔的识别能力.检测应用效果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的自适应能力且准确快速,能够有效地克服人工评片中产生的漏判与误判等缺点,并且能够存储和查询检测数据.     

Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.