腐蚀对风车联合作用下斜拉桥拉索 疲劳可靠性的影响分析

为探讨腐蚀对随机交通和风载联合作用下斜拉索疲劳可靠性的影响规律和机理,通过拉索高强钢丝的加速腐蚀和疲劳试验,提出了考虑腐蚀的斜拉索疲劳抗力模型;基于线性累积损伤准则,建立了考虑腐蚀影响的风车联合作用下拉索疲劳可靠性的分析方法和流程;依托工程实例,分析了腐蚀等级和时变腐蚀对拉索疲劳可靠性的影响.结果表明:随腐蚀加剧拉索动态疲劳可靠指标下降速率增大;等级达到Ⅲ级及以上的腐蚀对拉索疲劳可靠寿命影响显著,尤其对于靠近桥塔及辅助墩处拉索;Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级腐蚀时拉索疲劳寿命相对无腐蚀状况降幅最大分别达24%和44%;相对完好状况,时变腐蚀影响下拉索的动态疲劳可靠指标下降更为迅速,且降幅明显大于仅考虑腐蚀分级的状况.     

锂电池异常状态监测的FEKF方法研究

为了保障锂离子电池的使用安全，提出了基于带渐消因子的扩展卡尔曼滤波 （Fading Extended Kalman Filter，FEKF）的电池状态在线监测方法. 建立锂电池一阶等效电路模型，利用递推最小二乘法进行锂电池状态参数在线辨识，建立状态方程；引入最优渐消因子，构造FEKF，得到端电压残差；使用端电压残差序列构造χ2分布的诊断函数，计算误检率与状态参数异常阈值. 实验结果显示利用FEKF生成的残差能更早对异常状态进行告警，证明FEKF能够显著提高χ2检验对锂电池内部缓变型异常状态判断的准确率.     

分离式微通道热管低风量下换热性能模拟研究

为了降低数据中心的运行能耗，分离式热管冷却系统会根据实际负载降低风扇转速，造成换热性能的衰减. 为了对低风量和低负载下分离式微通道热管的换热性能进行研究和分析，建立了适用于预测低风量下分离式微通道热管换热性能的一维稳态模型，并与试验结果对比，验证了模型的准确性，其最大预测平均偏差为6.3%. 利用该模型研究了运行参数对分离式微通道热管的换热性能和数据中心热安全的影响. 不同风量下，服务器排风温度从27 ℃上升至39 ℃时，系统换热量均有超过60%的提升；冷冻水供水温度从6 ℃提升至18 ℃会导致系统换热量最高下降41.8%. 在200～1 400 m3/h风量下，增加蒸发器和冷凝器的高度差可有效提升系统换热量和制冷剂质量流量，风量越大，换热量增长率越高. 但在相同风量下，随着高度差的逐渐增大，换热量增长率逐渐降低. 研究结果对分离式微通道热管在数据中心的设计优化和节能运行有一定促进作用.     

Microstructural evaluation and nanohardness of an AlCoCuCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy

An AlCoCuCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy(HEA) was prepared by mechanical alloying and sintering to study the effect of Ti addition to the widely studied AlCoCuCrFeNi system. The structural and microstructural characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The formation of four micrometric phases was detected: a Cu-rich phase with a face-centered cubic(fcc) structure, a body-centered cubic(bcc) solid solution with Cu-rich plate-like precipitates(fcc), an ordered bcc phase, and a tetragonal structure. The XRD patterns corroborate the presence of a mixture of bcc-, fcc-, and tetragonal-structured phases. The Vickers hardness of the alloy under study was more than twice that of the AlCoCuCrFeNi alloy. Nanoindentation tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical response of the individual phases to elucidate the relationship between chemical composition, crystal structure, and mechanical performance of the multiphase microstructure of the AlCoCuCrFeNiTi HEA.     

一种基于CloudSim的分级云存储仿真模型

随着云存储技术的发展,云存储平台解决了大数据存储与管理的难题。然而当数据量与用户量进一步扩大,系统性能要求逐步提升,需要对目前云存储环境中的数据存储管理技术进行深入的研究与改进。由于应用实际的云存储集群进行优化研究极易受到平台环境的限制,因此基于CloudSim实现了一个分级云存储的仿真模型TCSS,给出了一种三层次的设备分级组织结构,构建了完善的数据I/O业务处理与数据存储管理等功能结构。已经将所有拓展功能模块集成到了CloudSim仿真工具的CloudSim层中,用户可以依据TCSS模型,突破平台限制,完成云存储优化策略的建模与测试工作。     

考虑弹性支承和剪切变形影响的单跨斜梁温度次内力分析

在考虑端横梁弯曲和支座变形对斜主梁提供的弹性抗扭支承和竖向弹性支承以及斜主梁剪切变形的基础上,导出了考虑支承刚度以及剪切变形影响的单跨斜梁温度次内力的计算公式,并通过一个简单算例对公式进行了验证,分析了支承刚度、斜度以及剪切变形对斜主梁温度次内力的影响。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,端横梁抗弯刚度的变化会引起斜梁温度次内力的急剧变化;斜主梁的温度次内力可以通过改变端横梁的抗弯刚度进行有效的调整;当斜度等于0°时,剪切变形对次扭矩的影响达到最大,为10.6%。     

Review of galactic and extragalactic searches for class I methanol masers

Class I methanol masers are important tools for investigations of star formation throughout the Universe. Recently, a series of surveys for class I methanol masers at the 95 GHz transition toward samples of young stellar objects have been undertaken. These surveys have resulted in the detection of about 200 new class I methanol masers and combined with previous increased the number of known observations they have class I methanol masers in our Galaxy to ~400. From analysis of the relationship between class I methanol maser emission and associated astrophysical objects, it has been shown that the intensity of the class I methanol maser emission is closely correlated with the properties of the 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey （BGPS） dust continuum sources and outflow properties. This further supports the hypothesis that class I methanol masers are collisionally pumped and excited in shocked regions. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that the BGPS catalog is likely to provide more reliable samples for targeting further class I methanol maser searches. A new survey for class I methanol masers toward a larger size sample of BGPS sources to test this is currently underway. The prospects for detecting class I methanol megamasers in extragalactic sources is discussed, and observations constituting the first sensitive search have been proposed.     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

必要的敬畏

正在敬畏中,我们坚守自然的奇异性,向未知敞开心扉。无怪乎它是科学想象力的核心所在。当科学范式被打破时,科学家不得不进入未知领域。这就是科学革命来临之际,托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)所认定的。科学家的世界图景变得站不住脚,学科中公认的真理遭到彻底的怀疑。     

位移放大型扭转阻尼器性能分析

为了加固梁柱节点、避免框架结构出现"弱节点"的破坏模式、提高框架结构整体的抗震和耗能能力,研制出一种具有自主知识产权的位移放大型扭转阻尼器(DATD),并对其进行数值分析和试验研究.首先,设计了18个具有不同参数的DATD,建立其有限元模型进行数值分析;随后,设计并制作了一个DATD,进行性能试验并与有限元分析结果对比.结果表明:DATD滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强;有限元分析与性能试验的滞回曲线吻合较好,且随着加载位移的增加,两者间误差变小,因此可以采用建立的有限元模型来研究DATD的力学性能.最后,对DATD进行参数影响分析,研究了铅芯直径、铅芯距中轴距离、橡胶层直径、橡胶层厚度及橡胶剪切模量对其特征参数的影响,结果表明:DATD的屈服剪力、等效刚度、等效阻尼比及耗能系数随着铅芯直径增大而明显增大,随着铅芯距中轴距离的增大略有增大;随着橡胶层直径、橡胶剪切模量的增大,屈服剪力及等效刚度逐渐增大而耗能系数及等效阻尼比逐渐减小;4个特征参数均随着橡胶层厚度的增大而略微减小.