Microstructure,thermal properties,and corrosion behaviors of FeSiBAlNi alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

An equiatomic FeSiBAlNi amorphous high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA). A fully amorphous phase was obtained in the FeSiBAlNi HEA after 240 h of MA. The bulk FeSiBAlNi samples were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 520 and 1080℃ under a pressure of 80 MPa. The sample sintered at 520℃ exhibited an amorphous composite structure comprising solid-solution phases (body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) phases). When the as-milled amorphous HEA was consolidated at 1080℃, another fcc phase appeared and the amorphous phase disappeared. The sample sintered by SPS at 1080℃ exhibited a slightly higher melting temperature compared with those of the as-milled alloy and the bulk sample sintered at 520℃. The corrosion behaviors of the as-sintered samples were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and immersion tests in seawater solution. The results showed that the HEA obtained by SPS at 1080℃ exhibited better corrosion resistance than that obtained by SPS at 520℃.     

机械合金化Fe30Cu70二元体系的局域结构研究

利用XAFS和XRD技术,研究机械合金化方法制备的Fe30Cu70二元体系的局域环境结构随球磨时间的变化,当球料比为40：1时,球磨5h,XRD结果表明,bcc结果αFe相的衍射峰几乎消失,只有fcc结构Fe30Cu70合金相的衍射峰存在,随着球磨时间的增加,fcc结构Fe30Cu70合金相的晶格略有膨胀,且晶格参数逐渐增大,XAFS结果显示：在机械合金化过程中,Fe30Cu70样品的Fe原子的近邻结构与Cu原子的近邻结构有不同的变化规律,Cu原子周围的局域晶格结构受球影响不大,但Fe原子周围的局域晶格结构形变较大,其无序度随时间增加而明显增大,所以,机械球磨后形成的Fe30Cu70合金并不是组成均匀的过饱和固溶体,其中既有Cu原子浓度大于化学计量比的fcc结构Cu富集区,又有Fe原子浓度大于化学计量比的Fcc结构Fe的富集区。     

Fe100—xCux纳米合金材料的结构研究

利用XAFS方法研究机械合金化方法制备的Fe10 0 -xCux(x =0、1 0、2 0、40、6 0、70、80、1 0 0 ,x为原子百分比 )合金中Fe、Cu原子的局域环境结构随组成的变化 .对于Fe10 0 -xCux 二元混合物 ,当x 40时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位结构从bcc转变为fcc ,但Cu原子的近邻结构保持其fcc不变 ;与之相反 ,当x 2 0时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位保持bcc结构而Cu原子的近邻配位结构从fcc转变为bcc结构 .XAFS结果还表明fcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中Fe的无序因子σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比bcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中的σ ( 0 0 0 81nm)大得多 ;并且在同一机械合金化Fe10 0 -xCux(x 40 )样品中Fe原子的σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比Cu原子的σ ( 0 0 0 89nm)大 .这表明机械合金化的Fe10 0 -xCux 样品中Fe和Cu原子可以有相同的局域结构环境但不是均匀的过饱和固溶体 ,而是fcc或bcc合金相同时存在Fe富集区和Cu富集区 .     

机械合金化Fe70Cu30体系的结构研究

利用XAFS方法对机械合金化Fe70Cu30样品中Fe,Cu原子的局域环境结构随球磨时间的变化情况进行了研究，结果表明，由于Fe和Cu原子分别向fcc的Cu相和bcc的Fe相的扩展，Fe和Cu同时存在于fcc和bcc结构相中，介Fe和Cu原子的局环境结构随球磨时间的级很大判别，球磨2h后，样品中73％的Cu原子在fcc相，27％的Cu原子在bcc相，21％的Fe原子在fcc相，79％的Fe原子在bcc相，球磨5h，fcc相的Cu原子减少到59％，fcc相的Fe原子则略有增加，为29％，球磨10h后，fcc相的Cu原子比例又增加到86％，fcc相的Fe原子也迅速增加到51％，说明大量的Cu原子扩散到bcc的Fe相后诱导其产生fcc结构相变，继续球磨到20h，样品中Cu原子和Fe原子在fcc和bcc相的比例基本保持不变，这些结果说明，在球磨过程中Fe和Cu并未形成均一的固溶体，同时存在着fcc的Cu富集区，fcc的Fe富集区和bcc的Fe富集区。     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

放电等离子烧结Al20Cr20Fe25Ni25Mn10高熵合金的硬度和腐蚀性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术在不同温度（800、900和200°C）下保温不同时间（4、8和12 min）合成了Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀高熵合金（HEA）。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪（EDS）、维氏显微硬度计、极化曲线等对合金的微观结构、显微硬度和腐蚀进行了实验研究。X-射线衍射（XRD）表征了所制备合金的成分。EDS结果显示不论烧结参数如何变化,合金均由原始合金元素组成。XRD、EDS和扫描电子显微镜的结果说明所制备的合金具有球形微观结构,呈现出面心立方结构相,这是基于固溶机制形成的。这表明SPS合金具有HEAs的特征。在1000°C保温 12 min生产的合金显微硬度最高,为HV 447.97,热处理后其硬度降至HV 329.47。同一合金表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。烧结温度升高,Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀合金可具有更高的密度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性。     

Mössbauer and electron microscopy study of martensitic transformations in an Fe-Mn-Mo alloy

The kinetic, morphological, crystallographic, and magnetic characteristics of thermally induced martensites in Fe-13.4wt% Mn-5.2wt% Mo alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that two types of thermal-induced martensites, ? (hcp) and α′ (bcc) martensites, are formed in the as-quenched condition, and these transformations have athermal characters. Mo addition to the Fe-Mn alloy does not change the coexistence of ? and α′ martensites with the Mn content between 10wt% and 15wt%. Besides, Mössbauer spectra reveal a paramagnetic character with a singlet for the γ (fcc) austenite and ? martensite phases and a ferromagnetic character with a broad sextet for the α′ martensite phase. The volume fraction of α′ martensite forming in the quenched alloy is much more than that of the ? martensite.     

磁控溅射沉积Cu-W薄膜的结构及性能

 以磁控溅射制备W原子数分数为2.1%~53.1%的Cu-W薄膜,用EDX、XRD、TEM、SEM、显微硬度计和四探针电阻仪对薄膜成分、结构和性能进行表征,研究薄膜中W含量的变化对薄膜结构及性能的影响.结果表明,Cu-W薄膜呈纳米晶结构,含x=2.1%~16.2%W的Cu-W膜中存在W在Cu中的铜基fcc Cu(W) 非平衡亚稳过饱和固溶体,Cu-36.0%W膜中存在fcc铜基和bcc钨基双相固溶体,含x=48.7%~53.1%W的Cu-W膜则存在Cu在W中的钨基bcc W(Cu)亚稳过饱和固溶体.具两相结构的Cu-36%W薄膜的显微硬度最大,而Cu-W膜电导率则随W含量上升而持续降低.400 ℃退火1 h后,Cu-W薄膜发生基体相晶粒长大,硬度降低,但电导率提高.Cu-W薄膜在退火后结构和性能变化的主要原因是退火中基体相晶粒发生了长大.     

原位合成TiB/Ti复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

利用钛与硼之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了TiB增强的钛基复合材料.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和HREM等分析方法测试了合成材料的物相及微观结构.结果表明原位合成的增强体为TiB,合金化元素铝的加入并不导致新相形成,增强体均匀地分布在基体合金上.由于TiB的B27结构导致TiB易于沿[010]方向生长而长成短纤维状.增强体与基体合金界面非常洁净,没有任何界面反应.由于原位合成增强体的加入,复合材料的力学性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高.     

Characterization of 17-4PH stainless steel powders produced by supersonic gas atomization

17-4PH stainless steel powders were prepared using a supersonic nozzle in a close-coupled gas atomization system. The characteristics of powder particles were carried out by means of a laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results show that the mass median particle diameter is about 19.15 μm. Three main types of surface microstructures are observed in the powders:well-developed dendrite, cellular, and cellular dendrite structure. The XRD measurements show that, as the particle size decreases, the amount of fcc phase gradually decreases and that of bcc phase increases. The cooling rate is inversely related to the particle size, i.e., it decreases with an increase in particle size.     

机械合金化Fe_(40)Ni_(40)Si_(20)纳米晶固溶体

机械合金化方法制备了Fe—Ni—Si三元系合金,利用X射线衍射仪研究了合金化过程中的 相变行为,计算了晶粒尺寸及微观应变。结果表明,经36小时球磨可形成α-Fe(bcc)和γ-Fe(fcc) 两相混合纳米晶固溶体;继续球磨,过饱和α相逐渐分解并向γ相转化,72小时后可得单相γ-Fe纳 米晶固溶体。球磨晶粒尺寸可达12 nm,微观应变随球磨时间先增加后减小。     

化学镀CuNiP-碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Cu—Ni—P合金,制备碳纳米管复合材料．并对制备出来的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射（XRD）表征．通过XRD对已制备的化学镀合金分析．得出沉积铜为立方面心结构而镍是非晶态．TEM观察复合碳纳米管,发现在其表面沉积有分散均匀纳米级的金属颗粒,Cu-Ni-P合金呈球形．     

Effects of aging on the microstructure of a Cu-Al-Ni-Mn shape memory alloy

The influence of aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-11.6wt%Al-3.9wt%Ni-2.5wt%Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Experimental results show that bainite, γ_2, and α phase precipitates occur with the aging effect in the alloy. After aging at 300dgC, the bainitic precipitates appear at the early stages of aging, while the precipitates of γ₂ phase are observed for a longer aging time. When the aging temperature increases, the bainite gradually evolves into γ₂ phase and equilibrium α phase (bcc) precipitates from the remaining parent phase. Thus, the bainite, γ₂, and α phases appear, while the martensite phase disappears progressively in the alloy. The bainitic precipitates decrease the reverse transformation temperature while the γ₂ phase precipitates increase these temperatures with a decrease of solute content in the retained parent phase. On the other hand, these precipitations cause an increasing in hardness of the alloy.     

Synthesis and characterization of AlCoCrCuFeZnx high-entropy alloy by mechanical alloying

Equi-atomic and non equi-atomic multi-component systems were synthesized through different routes to form high-entropy single solid solution. One such high-entropy alloy(HEA) with hexanary composition AlCoCrCuFeZn_x was synthesized using mechanical alloying. The effect of zinc variation on the crystal structure and phase formation was characterized using XRD, FESEM with EDS and TEM. The synthesis resulted in both equi-atomic and non equi-atomic nano crystalline AlCoCrCuFeZn with a crystallite size less than 10 nm.     

Effects of gadolinium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy

This research aims to study the significance of Gd addition (0wt%-2wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy. The effect of Gd addition on the microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-9Al alloy contained two phases, α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12. Alloying with Gd led to the emergence of a new rectangular-shaped phase, Al₂Gd. The grain size also decreased marginally upon Gd addition. The ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of Mg-9Al alloy increased by 23% and 19%, respectively, upon 1.5wt% Gd addition. We observed that, although Mg-9Al-2.0Gd alloy exhibited the smallest grain size (181 μm) and the highest dislocation density (5.1×1010 m-2) among the investigated compositions, the Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy displayed the best mechanical properties. This anomalous behavior was observed because the Al₂Gd phase was uniformly distributed and present in abundance in Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy, whereas it was coarsened and asymmetrically conglomerated in Mg-9Al-2.0Gd.     

Y对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X线衍射仪等分析研究Y对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响,并测试其室温力学性能.研究结果表明:Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr-xY(x=0,0.6％,1.2％,1.8％,质量分数)合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg和Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相组成,Y元素主要固溶在α-Mg和Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相中;合金经530℃/14h固溶处理后组织由α-Mg、残余的少量Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相以及方块状Mg24RE5相组成;固溶态合金经200℃/12h时效处理后有大量尺寸为10nm左右的β'和β”析出相生成,能有效地强化基体;随Y质量分数增加,合金室温抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐上升,最高分别达到271 MPa和161 MPa,较基础Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr合金有较大幅度提高.     

碳分配处理对原位VCp增强铁基复合材料组织、力学性能和耐磨性的影响

The wear resistance of iron (Fe)-matrix materials could be improved through the in situ formation of vanadium carbide particles (VCp) with high hardness. However, brittleness and low impact toughness limit their application in several industries due to addition of higher carbon content. Carbon-partitioning treatment plays an important role in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite. In this study, the influences of carbon-partitioning temperatures and times on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite were investigated. The experimental results indicated that a certain amount of retained austenite could be stabilized at room temperature through the carbon-partitioning treatment. Microhardness of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite under carbon-partitioning treatment could be decreased, but impact toughness was improved accordingly when wear resistance was enhanced. In addition, the enhancement of wear resistance could be attributed to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and phase transformation was caused from γ-Fe (face-centered cubic structure, fcc) to α-Fe (body-centered cubic structure, bcc) under a certain load.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

金属中氦缺陷的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法研究了面心立方fcc、体心立方bcc和六方密堆hcp结构金属中氦缺陷,计算分析了三种晶体结构金属中四面体间隙位置、八面体间隙位置和替代位置氦原子的形成能．并比较了fcc、bcc和hcp结构中不同位置氦点缺陷的稳定性．     

金属元素镁高压属性的第一性原理研究

通过第一性原理计算方法，研究了金属元素镁在高压下的电子属性。电子性质的计算指出，镁的三个高压结构体心立方（bcc）、面心立方（fcc）和简单六角（sh）都是金属相结构，但其金属性比常压结构六角密堆（hcp）弱；通过与镁常压电子结构比较可知，d带贡献的增加以及p-d杂化的增强可能是高压下镁金属性降低的一个原因。镁高压fcc和sh结构的电子局域函数（ELF）通过与常压hcp结构以及高压fcc、sh结构的ELF比较，发现镁的这两个高压结构的价电子被高度排挤到晶格间隙区域，这一特殊现象与其他碱金属和碱土金属元素锂、钠、钾以及钙相似。