CaMBP—10调节生长素应答反应机理初探

前期研究发现ＣａＭＢＰ－１０参与植物细胞对生长素应答反应的调节，但调节机理有待阐明，本文表明ＣａＭＢＰ－１０是由于影响质膜Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性，进而影响了质子外泌和细胞伸长，并进一步证明，它对质膜Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的调节是通过介导该酶磷酸化而实现的最终调节了细胞对激素的应答。     

激素对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L)矮化突变体幼苗生长及内源GA3含量的影响

以甘蓝型油菜矮化突变体“DDF-1”为材料，研究了赤霉素（GA3）、生长素（IAA）和油菜素内酯（BR）3种激素对突变体幼苗的影响，并用石蜡切片观察其细胞形态，用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA) 检测下胚轴内源激素GA3含量.结果表明，外加一定浓度的GA3（7 mg/L）对矮化突变体“DDF-1”的下胚轴伸长作用显著，但不能使之恢复到野生型的长度；萌发早期，BR有明显的促进伸长作用，萌发后期效果不明显；突变体对IAA敏感性较弱.三种激素交互作用对矮秆下胚轴伸长的影响也不显著.施加外源GA3的矮化突变体“DD     

大叶相思嫩枝扦插育苗试验

本文报道了大叶相思嫩枝扦插育苗试验初步结果．大叶相思嫩枝经ＡＢＴ生根粉处理，在简易前棚下可生根插活．试验表明，采用嫩枝扦插育苗，可以充分利用现有种质资源选育优良后代，加速良种繁殖．     

卫星搭载胡萝卜组织培养研究

以经卫星搭载的胡萝卜种子发育而来的嫩叶为外植体，诱导愈伤组织，探讨诱导后胡萝卜愈伤组织对外源激素的反应．实验结果表明，诱导松散型愈伤组织的最佳激素配比是1．0mg／L2，4-D＋0．5mg／L6-BA．此愈伤组织移入含有0．1mg／L的TDZ培养基中能产生大量的芽，但培养20d左右芽膨大透明成绿色，之后将芽移入含有不同种类不同浓度的生根培养基中都能生根且易于移栽．本实验为进一步筛选胡萝卜抗胁迫变异系奠定了基础．     

生长素及其运输抑制剂对粗梗水蕨孢子萌发的影响

研究了生长素IAA及其运输抑制剂NPA，TIBA，BFA对粗梗水蕨孢子萌发率的影响.抑制剂NPA，TIBA，BFA均抑制孢子萌发，但IAA减弱NPA和TIBA的抑制作用，NPA的抑制及IAA对其的拮抗在不同萌发时期均有体现；生长素及其运输抑制剂在粗梗水蕨中通过影响细胞骨架甚至囊泡运输，损害了孢子萌发中重力感应和细胞核迁移等关键事件.     

芝麻根际生长素产生菌SA4的分离与鉴定

利用含色氨酸的鉴定培养基从芝麻根际筛选出7株IAA产生菌,其中菌株SA4产IAA的能力最强。促生实验结果表明,菌株SA4明显具有促进黄瓜和玉米种子主根生长的能力,使它们的主根根长和根重增加为对照组的2~3倍。分子鉴定结果表明菌株SA4属于革兰氏阴性的假单胞菌属。     

植物生长调节剂对欧李离体培养的影响

以MS为基本培养基,附加不同质量浓度的细胞分裂素BA(6-卞基腺嘌呤)、KT(激动素)和生长素NAA(萘乙酸)、IBA(吲哚丁酸),进行欧李萌芽、成芽、幼芽增殖及生根(1/2MS),形成完整的植株,从中筛选其最适宜的培养基。幼芽诱导时,以单独使用质量浓度为2.0 mg.L-1的BA最好,诱导率为100%;但混合使用时,以MS BA 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.3 mg.L-1效果最好,诱导率也为100%。欧李幼芽增殖时,则以MS BA 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1效果最好,增殖系数为8.19。生根时,以1/2MS IBA 1.0 mg.L-1最好,其生根率为91.7%。移栽时,根长度约1.2 cm为适宜,移栽基质以蛭石为最好。     

脱落酸对水稻根系生长素合成与运输的调控

利用一系列不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA)处理水稻幼苗根系,观察水稻初生根根长、冠根数目、侧根数目及长度、DR5::GUS转基因材料GUS活性、生长素的合成及运输相关基因表达水平等变化.结果表明,ABA可以抑制水稻初生根的伸长、冠根和侧根的发生和伸长,并且抑制效应呈现剂量效应.DR5::GUS活性在整个根系中随ABA处理浓度升高而减弱,但根尖部位的DR5::GUS活性经过ABA处理后表现增强;生长素合成相关基因YUCCA2、YUCCA4、YUCCA7,生长素运输载体基因AUX3、AUX5、PiN1b、PiN2、PiN5a、PiN9、PiN10a均显著下降表达.     

Polar transport of the plant hormone auxin – the role of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins

The PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family is a group of plant transmembrane proteins with a predicted function as secondary transporters. PINs have been shown to play a rate-limiting role in the catalysis of efflux of the plant growth regulator auxin from cells, and their asymmetrical cellular localization determines the direction of cell-to-cell auxin flow. There is a functional redundancy of PINs and their biochemical activity is regulated at many levels. PINs constitute a flexible network underlying the directional auxin flux (polar auxin transport) which provides cells in any part of the plant body with particular positional and temporal information. Thus, the PIN network, together with downstream auxin signalling system(s), coordinates plant development. This review summarizes recent progress in the elucidation of the role of PIN proteins in polar auxin transport at the cellular level, with emphasis on their structure and evolution and regulation of their function. Received 28 December 2006; received after revision 16 February 2007; accepted 26 March 2007     

Spatiotemporal asymmetric auxin distribution: a means to coordinate plant development

The plant hormone auxin plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth development, including embryo and root patterning, organ formation, vascular tissue differentiation and growth responses to environmental stimuli. Asymmetric auxin distribution patterns have been observed within tissues, and these so-called auxin gradients change dynamically during different developmental processes. Most auxin is synthesized in the shoot and distributed directionally throughout the plant. This polar auxin transport is mediated by auxin influx and efflux facilitators, whose subcellular polar localizations guide the direction of auxin flow. The polar localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers changes in response to developmental and external cues in order to channel auxin flow in a regulated manner for organized growth. Auxin itself modulates the expression and subcellular localization of PIN proteins, contributing to a complex pattern of feedback regulation. Here we review the available information mainly from studies of a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, on the generation of auxin gradients, the regulation of polar auxin transport and further downstream cellular events. Received 10 March 2006; received after revision 26 June 2006; accepted 9 August 2006