植被对桃红岭保护区梅花鹿分布的影响

植被是草食动物生存的必要条件。为了解植被状况对梅花鹿分布的影响,笔者在2008年梅花鹿发情期对桃红岭保护区核心区、缓冲区和实验区内的18个点进行了调查。结果显示,植被状况直接决定梅花鹿的分布,草丛和灌草丛的植被类型适合梅花鹿生存,乔木和乔灌木不适合梅花鹿活动。保护区应制定合理的植被规划,为梅花鹿生存提供适宜的环境。     

甘肃兴隆山圈养高山麝的常见疾病及其综合防治

为了提高高山麝的养殖效益,推进高山麝养殖业的快速发展,对甘肃兴隆山圈养高山麝常见的呼吸系统疾病、消化系统及营养性疾病、泌尿系统疾病、寄生虫病、外伤科疾病、应激性疾病的病因、病状及综合防治措施进行了归纳总结.     

鹿血酒的研制

以优质纯粮白酒原液为酒基,以梅花鹿血为主要原料.配以名贵辅料.从酒香型、酒度数和加血量等方面进行了配方优选,并采用过滤技术,成功地制备了具有特殊营养和风味的鹿血酒.     

鹿产品的研究方向及其开发的关键技术

我国鹿产品的研发坚持了以传统中医药的整体用药与西医微观用药相结合的原则,继承了中药的特色优势,遵循了国际标准规范的理念。阐述了鹿产品的研究方向,探讨了如何将粉碎、干燥、分离、提取等方面的现代科学技术应用于鹿产品的开发研究。     

Natural diet and food habitat use of the Tarim red deer, Cervus elaphus yarkandensis

In order to determine the natural diet and food habitat use of Tarim red deer （Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）, a study was carried out in Qiemo, Xinjiang , China from October 2000 to June 2001. Direct observation combined with faecal analysis method was used to determine the natural diet of red deer. 15 different species of plant were identified as food items. Among them, 13 species of plants were identified in winter diet and 9 species in summer. Red deer consumed a wider range of species in winter because of their nutrient requirement as well as the shortage of food and the scarcity of high-quality forage in the study area. Phragmites communis, Glycyrrhiza inflata and populus diversifolia were frequently present in the deer＇s diet whenever in winter and summer. Among them, Phragmites communis was the most abundant plant in the area and was included in the deer＇s diet. Observation on food selection frequency of captive Tarim red deer showed that Populus diversifolia was the first preferred species. However, this food was limited in the study area. Five food habitat types were found in the study area according to plant association： （1） Phragmites communis-Tamarix ramosissima association, （2） Tamarix ramosissima-Halostachys caspica association, （3） Tamarix ramosissima-Phragmites communis association, （4） Populus diversifoliaPhragmites communis association, （5） Burned area. Among them, Phragmites communis-Tamarix ramosissima association （reed meadow and reed marsh） was preferred to other types within the study area whenever in summer and winter. Dense reed cover could reduce the chance of detection from predator and obstruct attack from predator. Furthermore, under the cover of the reed, Tarim red deer was protected from direct solar radiation during the hours of hot day in summer. The reed meadow and marsh was preferred, presumably because the red deer could minimize their movements while searching for food, water and cover.     

Age-related body weight,fecundity and population change in a south Dorset sika population (Cervus nippon); 1985–1993

Density-related changes in performance have been documented for a number of different ungulate species, with recorded decline in body weight, fecundity and both juvenile and adult survival as population densities increase. While density-dependent responses of this kind have been explored in some detail in red, roe and fallow deer, little published information is available on demographic responses to density in European populations of sika deer (Cervus nippon). This paper offers an analysis of the dynamics of two populations of sika from the south of England from 1985–1993. Data on age-related body weights for males and females and pregnancy rates of females are taken from analysis of cull records of 321 males and 534 females culled during that 8-year period. We describe trends in body mass of adult and juvenile sika of both sexes, and consider changes in pregnancy rates of both mature and yearling females in relation to changes in relative abundance. Despite steadily increasing population density between 1985 and 1991/1992, no consistent decline was recorded in body weight or condition (as measured by % cover of kidney fat) for calves or yearlings of either sex, or for mature females. A decline in recorded body weight of adult males was not significantly correlated to ranked relative abundance. Fecundity was high (with > 90% of mature females sampled found pregnant). Most mature females found pregnant were also lactating. The proportion of animals that conceived as yearlings (72%) was lower than that recorded for more mature hinds; however there is some indication that the difference recorded may simply reflect the fact that yearlings may conceive later in the season than older animals. No significant differences were apparent in the proportion of either adult or yearling females found pregnant in different years.     

青海省养鹿业存在的问题及对策

青海省养鹿业具有30年的历史,近几年来处于衰退状态。针对这种趋势,本文对青海养鹿业存在的问题及其发展进行了系统研究和规划。     

Criteria for permissible browse impact on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in mountain forests

Summary A naturally regenerated young-growth in the Buchser Hochwald area in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, was used to determine the silviculturally permissible browsing limit for sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). The investigated area is situated at an altitude ranging from 1280 to 1310 m a.s.l. on anAbieti-Fagetum typicum site. Browsing was done by red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A total of 57 sycamore maples, 1.30 m high, were examined. The actual browse impact on these plants was assessed by determining the frequency of browsing marks on the stem axis. To this end, the plants were cut into sections of 5 cm each and then split radially. On this basis it was possible to calculate permissible shares of browsed plants for four different size categories between 0.10 and 1.30 m. The permissible share of plants with two or more visible browsing marks on the stem axis amounted to 37.8% as an average value for the total risk period. This corresponds to a quota of 26.9% browsed terminal shoots per annum.     

陕西省家养林麝资源现状与分析研究

在2002-2004年,作者对陕西家养林麝资源进行了实地调查．结果表明,截止到2004年8 月底,陕西家养林麝存栏量约800余只,主要集中在宝鸡、安康和汉中,约占全省家养林麝资源 80％以上．针对目前养殖现状,按照国家林业局麝工程保护规划和国家中药现代化GAP基地建设的要求,提出了相应的发展对策,为陕西林麝资源的产业化开发提供科学依据．     

毛冠鹿人工饲养及繁殖初探

毛冠鹿主要产于我国，生性胆小，人工饲养及繁殖困难．成都动物园饲养有1雄3雌4只成年毛冠鹿，多年没有繁殖．通过设置专门的饲养场地，并在其中种植大量毛冠鹿喜食的小叶女贞、毛叶丁香等植物，将4只毛冠鹿放入这样一个僻静无干扰的环境中饲养．提供多样化的饲料和足够的能量，每只毛冠鹿日平均摄入能量〉4604．6kJ，同时毛冠鹿还能自由采食场地中的植物，很快适应了环境，使多年未繁殖的毛冠鹿开始繁殖．2003年有一只雌性毛冠鹿产仔，2004年3只雌性毛冠鹿全部产仔并存活．产仔率和存活率都达到了100％．