邛海流域生态脆弱性研究

简述了生态脆弱性的概念,从自然和人为干扰两个方面分析了邛海流域的生态脆弱性特征及其成因,并对解决邛海流域的生态脆弱性问题提出了相关的建议。     

全新世洛阳盆地的水系变迁研究

利用陆地卫星像片、历史文献资料、考古发掘资料、地层钻孔和地层剖面资料,运用综合分析对比方法,揭示出全新世以来洛阳盆地水系变化具有如下基本规律:即洛河河道不断北移;伊河河道不断东延加长,河曲不断南北摆动;涧河在东周到隋唐的时期内,由于人为作用而不断改变流路.     

中国东部陆相断陷盆地双断凹陷类型及特征

以中国东部陆相断陷盆地双断凹陷为研究对象,分别从构造形态和沉积物充填方向2个角度,提出两种类型划分方案.一种分类方案是根据凹陷的构造(剖面)形态、内部结构、边界条件不同,将双断凹陷分为简单双断凹陷和复杂双断凹陷2大类,并对上述两类进一步细分.另一种分类方案是依据沉积物充填方向、发育的沉积体系,将双断凹陷分为短轴单向充填型双断凹陷、短轴双向充填型双断凹陷、复合充填型双断凹陷和长轴充填型双断凹陷4类.并对不同类型的双断凹陷特征进行分析,从而为双断凹陷综合研究和油气勘探提供分类依据和理论指导.     

川西前陆盆地须家河组沉积相及岩相古地理演化

川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组是油气勘探的重点层位.依据新的地层划分方案、大量钻井、露头及岩芯资料,结合区域地质特征,详细研究了须家河组沉积相、岩相古地理特征及其演化.结果表明:研究区内主要发育了冲积扇、湖相三角洲、湖泊、海相三角洲、滨岸和海湾六种主要的沉积相类型;古地理演化经历了由海相环境-海陆过渡相环境-陆相环境的转变;在须四早期,受安县运动的影响,龙门山褶皱成山,使研究区与阿坝海域完全隔绝,整个四川盆地真正进入了陆相沉积环境.     

克里雅河流域水资源利用及其生态环境响应研究

克里雅河是和田地区于田县最大的河流,也是历史上曾经注入塔里木河、横穿塔克拉玛干大沙漠的绿色走廊之一。克里雅河流域人口与经济发展而带来的水土资源开发利用程度的增加,对流域生态环境产生了重大的影响。由于中上游水土资源开发面积急剧增加,导致下游输水逐年减少、年内分配趋于集中,导致下游河段断流,生态环境恶化等现象。克里雅河流域水土资源开发引起的环境响应有积极建设性的一面,也有消极的破坏原有生态环境的一面。前者主要表现在：①绿洲内部水资源利用量逐年增长,绿洲环境逐步改善,②提高了绿洲土地生产能力,③已形成引、蓄、输、排为一体的网络,提高了抗旱能力和水资源的利用效益。后者主要表现在：地表水流程缩短,下游生态环境恶化；土壤次生盐渍化严重,影响了土地生产力；绿洲外围小气候的恶化、生态环境的破坏威胁着绿洲的稳定性。在流域水土资源开发的同时重视生态环境建设与调控具有重要意义。图2,表3,参7。     

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.     

郯庐断裂带渤海段的深部构造与动力学意义

郯庐断裂带渤海段的3条大地电磁测深剖面,揭示了断裂带丰富的深部结构信息。这些剖面显示,郯庐断裂带已切穿了整个地壳,并且向下延入上地幔;该段断裂带在深部显示为陡立的走滑构造,浅部为伸展断层及断陷盆地所叠加,最后又发生过一期明显的逆冲活动;该断裂带的走滑构造在渤海湾内继续存在,指示其早期的走滑活动中向北延入了渤海内;该断裂带内部及其旁侧,浅部的断陷盆地发育与深部的高导层(带)紧密伴生,反映断陷盆地发生时在地壳深部都出现了软弱拆离带,也指示了岩石圈减薄中地壳内所发生的深部过程。     

琼东南盆地第三纪高分辨率层序地层划分特征

通过对南海北部琼东南盆地第三纪地震、测井曲线和岩相资料的3综合分析，进行了高分辨率层序地层划分。盆地充填序列按古构造运动面划分为5个超层序，分别与盆地演化的阶段性相当。在其内部可进一步划分为19个Ⅲ级层序和42个Ⅳ级层序。并以基准面旋回为基础，长周期基准面旋回为周期，短周期为成因地层单元，论述了不同结构和叠加样式的短期旋回型式及在中长期旋回中的分布规律，基准面变化与层序发育特征、层序分布模式、沉积体系类型和盆地充填演化序列，以及与油气储盖组合的关系。     

喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水径流特征的影响分析

从水文地貌流域系统的角度出发,分析喀斯特流域地貌类型与枯水径流的关系,并作枯水流量频率分析计算,按地貌形态组合类型把流域分为喀斯特流域、喀斯特化流域和非喀斯特流域3种类型,初步建立喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水影响的回归方程并检验,揭示喀斯特地区枯水径流的规律,为分析和预测枯水径流提供理论依据。     

Determination of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault basin and its relationship with mountains

A special extended basin topography is developed in the middle segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. The ratio of its length to width is over 50. The long boundaries at the two sides of the basin are controlled by the straight normal faults with strike-slip component. Within the basin, the Cenozoic strata are spread. The Altyn Tagh main fault goes through the basin, and a series of strike-slip topography was formed within the basin. The reverse thrust structures were formed at the two sides of the center of the basin, thus making the geological bodies composed of old metamorphic rocks at the two sides of the basin extrude vertically，and forming the extended massif (mountain) at the sides of the basin and parallel to the basin. This special topography was called the strike-slip fault basin. The giant extended strike-slip fault basin began to form during Pliocene, and its topography was basically formed during the late Pleistocene. It is the special topography formed during the strike-slip deformation process of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone and under both transpression and uplifting.