一个基于5-(2-吡啶基)-3,3′-联(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)和均四苯甲酸的锌(II)超分子配合物的合成、晶体结构与荧光性质(英文)

在单核化合物[Zn(C9H7N7)(C10H4O8)(H2O)3]·3H2O中,Zn(II)金属中心离子分别和4个氧和2个氮原子配位,其中4个氧原子来自于一个去质子的均四苯甲酸(H2BTCA)和3个配位水分子,氮原子来自5-(2-吡啶基)-3,3'-联(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)(H2pbt)配体.在这个结构中,相邻的单核单元之间通过分子内和分子间的O-H···O和NH···O氢键作用连接成二维超分子结构,且三唑环与苯环之间以及相邻吡啶环之间存在芳香堆积作用.此外,还研究了标题配合物的固态荧光性质.     

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the life sciences

Over the last 20 years, mass spectrometrybased proteomics has become an indispensable tool in the cellular and molecular life sciences. This has been enabled by the soft ionisation techniques of electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation, which allow the gentle ionisation and vaporisation of large, thermally labile biomolecules. Innovative instrumentation designs and biochemical strategies have brought success in the large-scale identification and quantification of proteins, as well as the characterisation of their complexes and post-translational modifications. This review describes the instrumentation used for proteomics research. It presents an overview of the current applications of mass spectrometry-based proteomics to the cellular and molecular life sciences, and discusses challenges that exist for research in the future.Received 7 January 2005; accepted 27 January 2005     

Study of molecular events in cells by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

To understand processes in a living cell, sophisticated and creative approaches are required that can be used for gathering quantitative information about large number of components interacting across temporal and spatial scales without major disruption of the integral network of processes. A physical method of analysis that can meet these requirements is fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which is an ultrasensitive and non-invasive detection method capable of single-molecule and real-time resolution. Since its introduction about 3 decades ago, this until recently emerging technology has reached maturity. As commercially built equipment is now available, FCS is extensively applied for extracting biological information from living cells unattainable by other methods, and new biological concepts are formulated based on findings by FCS. In this review, we focus on examples in the field of molecular cellular biology. The versatility of the technique in this field is illustrated in studies of single-molecule dynamics and conformational flexibility of proteins, and the relevance of conformational flexibility for biological functions regarding the multispecificity of antibodies, modulation of activity of C5a receptors in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and multiplicity of functional responses mediated by the p53 tumor suppressor protein; quantitative characterization of physicochemical properties of the cellular interior; protein trafficking; and ligand-receptor interactions. FCS can also be used to study cell-to-cell communication, here exemplified by clustering of apoptotic cells via bystander killing by hydrogen peroxide.Received 15 July 2004; received after revision 13 October 2004; accepted 12 November 2004     

基于贝叶斯网络的网约车交通事故致因机理分析

为了缓解网约车交通事故,以网约车驾驶员为研究对象,探究网约车交通事故致因机理.通过调查问卷收集了2 458名网约车驾驶员个体属性、工作强度、工作压力、不良驾驶行为和交通事故经历的相关信息.对数据进行分类处理后,通过贝叶斯网络建立网约车事故频率预测模型.基于十折交叉验证法,使用混淆矩阵与接收者操作特征曲线校验模型精度.结果表明,模型预测能力较好,模型分析了11种与事故频率直接相关的影响因素,识别了16类导致高频率事故发生概率增加的不利状态,且发现多种不利状态组合对事故频率产生的非线性扩增效应和叠加效应.研究结论有助于管理部门制定相应预防对策以减少网约车交通事故频率.     

极性晶体膜中的强耦合磁极化子

应用变分法研究了极性晶体膜中强耦合磁极化子的性质,给出基态和激发态的系统能量,重点研究了系统处于基态和激发态时的电子－表面声子相互作用能．计算结果表明,在磁场强度一定的条件下（Ｂ＝９Ｔ）,电子－表面声子相互作用能随着膜厚的增加而减小;在一定膜厚的条件下（Ｗ＝３ｎｍ）,电子－表面声子相互作用能随着磁场强度的增加先增大而后缓慢减小,当Ｂ＝３０Ｔ时,｜Ｖｅ－ＳＯ（１）｜和｜Ｖｅ－ＳＯ（０）｜之间的差最大．     

流体非线性碰撞研究初步--流体对喷

为了分析通风空调领域大量存在的流体对抗或对喷等复杂非线性行为,了解流体复杂对流运动的机理,本文运用计算流体动力学方法模拟了室内等温层流气流、室内等温湍流气流及水箱内等温湍流水流等3种典型流体对喷实例。模拟结果发现,对于层流流体非线性碰撞,流体粘性在低雷诺数时起主要作用;对于湍流气流非线性碰撞,流体流速在全雷诺数范围及不同流动结构时都起主导作用;对于湍流水流非线性碰撞,流体粘性在低雷诺数时能起作用,而随着雷诺数增高及流动结构复杂化,流场则由流速及粘性等多种因素主导、由此研究可以看出,从控制参数、流体物性参数等影响流体对流运动的本质因素来探讨流体的非线性碰撞规律,可以为流场合理布局提供理论参数．     

A new type numerical model for action balance equation in simulating nearshore waves

Several current used wave numerical models are briefly described, the computing techniques of the source terms, numerical wave generation and boundary conditions in the action balance equation model are discussed. Not only the quadruplet wave-wave interactions, but also the triad wave-wave interactions are included in the model, so that nearshore waves could be simulated reasonably. The model is compared with the Boussinesq equation and the mild slope equation. The model is applied to calculating the distributions of wave height and wave period field in the Haian Bay area and to simulating the influences of the unsteady current and water level variation on the wave field. Finally, the developing tendency of the model is discussed.     

Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots

Many hemiepiphytic plants secrete a thick layer of mucilage to limit desiccation and protect against fungal pathogens. With its stable moisture and protected location, this mucilage constitutes a potentially attractive microhabitat for small animals; however, until now, no animal species have been recorded from it. Larvae of a psychodid fly were collected from the mucilage of a hemiepiphytic Araceae in Braulio Carillo National Park, Costa Rica. Rearing of the larvae yielded specimens of pupae and one adult male described here as Mucomyia emersa Kvifte and Curler gen. nov. sp. nov. An additional species from Costa Rica, Mucomyia browni Kvifte sp. nov., is described based on adult males from the Zurquí de Moravia forest reserve. Mucomyia belongs to tribe Psychodini, which comprises both habitat generalists and specialists. The new species are morphologically similar to those in Philosepedon s. str. and Eurygarka, both of which are known to develop in snail carrion. It is premature to speculate about whether or not species in the new genus are restricted to hemiepiphyte mucilage.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:37CD136B-53D8-4D3E-A34A-3BE4859045E5     

构式双名互动认知语用初探

构式双名互动,是在构式内部,两个名词利用构式所赋予的权利进行互相压制,并通过这种压制将互相之间的某些特征赋予给对方,使之产生非此不有的含义.文章研究了构式双名互动的可能性,并以一些汉语熟语构式为例进行了语用分析,结论认为有特别用意的构式双名互动是构式压制与词汇压制共同作用的结果,是一种语用修辞.     

强激光高能量密度物理的若干进展和展望

随着大能量高功率激光和短脉冲超强激光技术的发展,人们可以在单位时间、单位空间内实现极高的能量密度,产生一系列原本只存在于天体或者核爆中的极端物理条件．对这种高能量密度条件下的物质规律的研究不仅极大地拓宽了物理学的研究领域,而且促进了不同学科之间的交叉与融合．本文将首先简单介绍强激光驱动的高能量密度实验室天体物理方面的几个进展,之后对下一代极端相对论激光物理的发展和影响进行展望．