Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

一种基于轮廓特征的图像拼接算法设计与实现

提出了一种新的基于轮廓特征的图像拼接算法。在特征提取阶段 ,对卷积图进行增强 ,并用区域增长方法进行辅助校正 ,能改善轮廓提取效果 ;在特征表示方面 ,用形状签名代替链码来描述轮廓 ,从而提高了计算速度 ,降低了由噪声干扰和镜头形变造成的影响。实验结果表明 ,该算法在速度上优于基于链码的配准算法 ,准确率高 ,并且可以适用于未经过几何形变校正的图像的配准与拼接。     

Open Contours Extraction of Rotational Surface Oriented to Layer Measurement

With layer-measured contours, an algorithm that can extract the contour segments from a rotational surface is presented. The extraction can be divided into two stages, i. e. the rough segmentation and the refinement. In the rough segmenting stage, an optimal contour matching method is put forward to find similar contour segment from another closed contour with respect to the seed contour. In the refining stage, an iterative way that can extract a circular arc precisely is presented based on parameters identification and contour-ends expanding/shrinking operation. The algorithm can extract the open contour segments from a rotational surface precisely, as demonstrated in the examples. Based on the work of this paper, further research, such as parameter identification of 3 - D surface and CAD model creation, can be conducted.     

微波诱导合成5-芳氧亚甲基-2-[5′-(4″-氯代苯基)- 2′-呋喃甲酰胺基]-1,3,4-噁二唑

在微波辐射条件下,由1 芳氧乙酰基 4 [5′ (4″ 氯代苯基) 2′ 呋喃甲酰基]氨基硫脲(1a～1i)在醋酸汞存在下,快速环合合成了一系列5 芳氧亚甲基 2 [5′ (4″ 氯代苯基) 2′ 呋喃甲酰胺基] 1,3,4 二唑(2a～2i).     

桥梁健康监测中的损伤特征提取与异常诊断

针对桥梁健康监测的应用 ,提出了一种基于统计模式识别技术的结构异常诊断方法 .由正常结构实时监测动态响应形成状态判断的数据基 ,通过序列相似分析将未知状态结构的响应信号与正常结构数据基进行环境/运营条件归一化 ;然后根据动态参数模型残差分析提取结构损伤特征 ,进而通过统计分析进行结构异常诊断和损伤定位 .与基于模态频率变化的方法相比 ,该方法具有更高的损伤识别能力 ,并能较好地克服实测数据离散性和环境与运营条件影响带来的困难 .通过三跨连续梁的数值试验验证了该方法的有效性     

小波变换在检测粘接件信号特征中的应用

在对金属与非金属粘接件性能检测的分析处理中，应用小波变换的方法对这种非平稳过程的信号进行分析，有效提取了性能检测所需要的特征参数，为提高金属与非金属粘接件性能检测的准确率和效率奠定了基础。     

煤中硫的超声波和微波辐射脱除

运用超声波和微波的强化作用，在酸性介质下对煤进行了脱硫研究，采用正交实验法考察了煤质量分数、氧化剂用量等几种因素对煤脱硫率的影响。结果表明：脱硫率随着煤质量分数、反应体系酸的用量、超声波功率、氧化剂用量和反应时间改变而变化，各种因素均存在一个最佳影响范围。     

均匀设计法优化巴旦杏仁油的超声提取工艺

用均匀设计法考察了超声频率、超声时间和溶剂的用量对巴旦杏仁油提取率的影响，得到巴旦杏仁油超声提取的优化工艺条件。与常规的提取法相比，超声提取具有提取时间短、收率高、无需加热的特点。     

基于核方法的复杂设备运行状态监测技术

分析了复杂机械设备运行状态监测中遇到的困难，介绍了基于核的特征提取方法和基于支持向量机的模式识别理论，指出：将核方法应用到状态监测中有望解决其中的非线性、不精确性和不确定性问题，为该领域的研究提供了全新且可行的研究途径。     

酸性醇溶液提取魔芋中的总生物碱研究

研究了用酸性醇溶液回流法提取魔芋中总生物碱的方法和条件．结果表明，提取魔芋中总生物碱较佳的工艺条件是：在pH值为2～3的酸性醇溶液中，回流提取3h，总生物碱的含量可达0.39％.