Vaults and the major vault protein: Novel roles in signal pathway regulation and immunity

The unique and evolutionary highly conserved major vault protein (MVP) is the main component of ubiquitous, large cellular ribonucleoparticles termed vaults. The 100 kDa MVP represents more than 70% of the vault mass which contains two additional proteins, the vault poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (vPARP) and the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1), as well as several short untranslated RNAs (vRNA). Vaults are almost ubiquitously expressed and, besides chemotherapy resistance, have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes including transport mechanisms, signal transmissions and immune responses. Despite a growing amount of data from diverse species and systems, the definition of precise vault functions is still highly complex and challenging. Here we review the current knowledge on MVP and vaults with focus on regulatory functions in intracellular signal transduction and immune defence. Received 27 June 2008; received after revision 25 July 2008; accepted 30 July 2008     

股静脉与颈内静脉临时置管在血液透析中的应用比较分析

目的比较股静脉与颈内静脉临时置管在血液透析中的使用情况。方法采用回顾性对照研究，将60例需血液透析而未建立动、静脉内痿临时置管患者分为两组，股静脉临时置管组30例，颈内静脉临时置管组30例。观察两组患者导管使用寿命、并发症、透析血流量、Kt／v值等指标。结果颈内静脉组使用寿命（80±11）d，而股静脉组（25±1）d，有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。颈内静脉导管感染率，堵塞率明显低于股静脉组（P〈0．05）。两组透析的血液量、Kt／v值差异无显著性。结论对建立血液透析血管通路，股静脉及颈内静脉临时置管是较好的通路，颈内静脉优于股静脉。     

肺部感染时的体液免疫变化及其中西医结合治疗的免疫学评价

本文报告了68个肺部感染病例体液免疫指标——血清IgG、IgM、IgA和C_3的变化并选取其中26例分成两组(每组13例),使用两种不同的治疗方法(一组用中西医结合方法,另一组用单纯西医方法),比较两组治疗前后上述每种指标的变化,对所获数据进行统计学处理。结果表明。与正常人血清IgM、IgG、IgA和C_3相比,患有肺部感染的病人治疗前血清IgG明显降低,IgA明显上升,而IgM和C_3则无明显的变化。在治疗后,用中西医结合方法治疗的病人血清IgM比使用西医治疗病人的血清IgM明显高,在治疗前与正常人相比有明显升高的两组病人的IgA没有明显变化,IgG仍然很低,C_3亦仍无明显变化。     

计算机病毒免疫策略的探讨

分析了反计算机病毒技术的现状，探讨了计算机病毒免疫的重要性和具体方法     

由两种彼此完全交叉免疫的病毒导致的流行病模型

研究了一类带有竞争性的双致病毒的SIRS流行病模型,在假定完全交叉免疫和密度依赖死亡率的条件下得到了病毒间排他性的条件及疾病持续的条件.     

广谱"油膜"暂堵钻井液体系研究

在钻井过程中，为达到保护油层的目的，通常根据油层的平均孔喉半径，在上部钻井液中加入合适粒径的暂堵剂，再配合胶体填充粒子将其改造为对油层具有保护作用的钻井液。但在实际井中，油层孔喉半径分布范围较宽，导致经改造后的钻井液仅对某井段具有较好的屏蔽暂堵效果，而对另外的井段则不能起到较好的保护油层作用。针对油层非均质性强、孔径分布范围较大、油层孔径难以准确预知等特点，根据室内岩样污染评价结果，提出了采用广谱“油膜”暂堵剂GPJ的暂堵技术。室内评价和现场应用表明，该钻井液体系不仅实现了对油层的广谱暂堵，而且保护油层效果更佳，可获得更大的日产油量。     

Anthrax lethal toxin: a weapon of multisystem destruction

Lethal toxin (LT) is a major virulence factor secreted by anthrax bacteria. It is composed of two proteins, PA (protective antigen) and LF (lethal factor). PA transports the LF inside the cell, where LF, a zinc-dependent metalloprotease cleaves the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) enzymes of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, thereby impairing their function. This disruption of the MAPK pathway, which serves essential functions such as proliferation, survival and inflammation in all cell types, results in multisystem dysfunction in the host. The inactivation of the MAPK pathway in both macrophages and dendritic cells leads to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine secretion, downregulation of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86, and ineffective T cell priming. The net result is an impaired innate and adaptive immune response. Endothelial cells of the vascular system undergo apoptosis upon LT exposure, also likely due to inactivation of the MAPK pathway. The activity of various hormone receptors such as glucocorticoids, progesterone and estrogen is also blocked, due to inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, thus affecting the bodys response to stress. The present review summarizes the various disarming effects of Bacillus anthracis through the use of a single weapon, the lethal toxin.Received 12 June 2004; received after revision 13 July 2004; accepted 28 July 2004     

运动与巨噬细胞的研究进展

巨噬细胞(Mφ)是参与免疫应答的重要细胞。中、小强度的运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力增强,而大强度运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力下降;同时运动也使机体内一些神经递质、激素的分泌水平发生变化,而激素、神经递质的改变又影响神经内分泌系统对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。     

基于Rogowski线圈的新型甲烷传感器抗干扰性研究

在对传统的甲烷传感器进行应用与分析基础上，介绍了一种基于Rogowski线圈新型甲烷传感器。经过理论分析建立了该传感器数学模型，在现场实际应用中针对新型甲烷传感器干扰信号来源，对新型甲烷传感器抗干扰能力进行了理论分析以及实际信号处理设计。     

高校图书馆临时工人的心绪状况分析

临时工人是高校图书馆工作人员的重要组成部分,但长期以来由于他们低下的地位,图书馆界对他们的研究不够。分析了3种图书馆临时工人的心绪现状。