杨氏模量测定及误差计算

杨氏模量的测定是大学物理实验中一个基本实验项目。本文简要介绍了杨氏模量的一种测定方法——伸长法,并给出了误差的计算方法。     

浅谈DS3级微倾式水准仪i角误差的调修

为进一步提高DS3级微倾式水准仪的测量精度,降低由i角误差带来的测量误差,针对造成i角误差的主要来源,如脚螺旋故障、望远系统故障、望远镜筒与中轴基座连接故障、符合水准器影像故障等,提出了相应的调修、处理方法。该调修、处理方法为笔者多年从事调修和检定工作的经验总结,能有效缩短修理时间,提高检定工作的效率,对水准仪i角误差的调修、检定具有很高的实用价值。     

6自由度柔索并联机器人的动力学建模与抗扰控制

大型射电望远镜柔索-馈源舱粗调子系统的改进方案通过8根柔索长度的协调变化来控制馈源舱的6自由度运动.首先进行了该机器人的运动学分析,并分别建立了末端执行器和驱动系统的动力学模型;其次,考虑柔索强度和电机负荷的约束条件,给出了以索力范教为目标实时优化求解索驱动力的方法;在此基础上,针对系统的非线性、强耦合特点以及随机风荷对系统的扰动,提出了-种新的复合控制策略.即利用基于绳长关节空间的PD修正前馈控制器引入非线性状态反馈补偿,通过干扰观测器观测外部扰动对电机跟踪性能的影响,进行振动抑制.数值结果表明方法的有效可行.     

首都师范大学天文台KPW400型望远镜的光学测定、调试与观测应用

选择具有代表性的折反射望远镜——由中科院南京天文仪器研制中心研制的KPW400型望远镜为例,根据其技术参数,介绍了该望远镜的光学性能和调试使用方法,并结合金星凌日、太阳黑子的观测等实验完成望远镜的光学性能测定,最终总结出该望远镜的优点及不足,从而提出对其改进的意见.     

New developments of MSRT’s working modes: One-dimensional radio heliograph and IPS telescope

This note introduces the newly developed working modes, i.e. one-dimensional meter-wave radio heliograph (MRH) and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) telescope, of meter-wave aperture synthesis radio telescope (MSRT) at Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO). The note describes briefly the scientific objectives, configurations of the hardware and software, and functions of the system. It presents the examples of observations on solar meter-wave bursts and IPS with the two new working modes. The results indicated that new modes not only can provide the information on the evolution of solar activities with space and time, but also can trace and monitor the propagation and spatial distribution of interplanetary plasma shock resulting from solar activities and the instability of the ionosphere, etc. Both modes are new facilities that could fill the gaps in scientific frontiers.     

搜索近地小行星的一种射电天文方法

随着ＳＬ－９彗星撞击木星这一罕见天象得到观测证实，搜索近地小行星以及与之相当的彗星的任务日益受到重视。本文首先从冷暗天体的辐射趋向和望远镜和探测极限等方面指出了射电天文手段在完成此项任务中所具有的潜在优势。接着以６５ｍ多波段射电望远镜可达到的技术指标为基础，论述了采用波束开关法检测强度约为１ｍＪｙ的近地小行星射电辐射的可行性，以及通过对有关联测资料的分析，给出了确定小行星的方向、距离、速度和大小等     

Digital zenith telescope prototype of China

Classical optical astronomy measures the direction of the local plumb line on the stellar background, and is influenced by variations of the earth gravity field. Therefore, classical optical astrometry can be used to measure and study variations of plumb line. This endows classical optical astrometric technologies special signifi- cance for the interdisciplinary researches of astronomy and geoscience, and makes them irreplaceable by technologies like very long baseline interferometry, satellite laser ranging. However, classical astrometric instruments have a major drawback of low efficiency, such as the low auto- maticity, more operating observers, and even operative error which makes it very difficult to reduce the random observation error in some visual instruments. To overcome this drawback, we have successfully developed the digital zenith telescope prototype （DZT-1） with the aperture of 200 mm, using charge coupled device and other advanced technologies and new equipments. As proved by test observations, DZT-1 can observe thousands of stars over one night, which significantly reduces the random obser- vation error and increases the observation accuracy. In addition, DZT-1 has a high degree of automation, even allowing unattended observation by remote control. Besides, DZT-1 has a small-size and is easy to move, making it convenient for mobile measurement of thedeflection of the vertical. In summary, DZT can be widely used in the geoscience and astronomy fields.     

竖直度盘偏心误差对天顶距观测结果的影响及其改正

本文论述了经纬仪竖直度盘偏心误羞的特性和偏心误差对天顶距观测法果的影响及其改正。     

大射电望远镜FAST馈源支撑两级调整机构联调机理分析

从运动学的角度分析了大射电望远镜FAST馈源支撑系统两级调整机构的联调机理,并运用空间矢量工具推导了运动学控制的数学模型.此外,还给出了精调控制方案、Stewart精调机构的控制策略、硬件结构和软件流程,并对总体控制系统做了说明.联调机理分析对实现FAST馈源支撑系统联调方面做了一次有益的探索,有助于FAST研究工作的进展.