Growth kinematics of fractal super snowflakes

Based on the recent research progress in fractal super fibers,the growth kinematics(or pattern kinematics) of(6+1) -circle fractal super fiber with snowflake-like cross section(abbreviated asfractal super snowflake) is explored.The following results are obtained.(1) The fractal super snowflake obeys simply the straight-line growth mode.(2) At a given movement,the growth speed of the snowflake distributes uniformly in space.At a given point in space,the growth speed decreases along with the time.(3) The grow...     

Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem,Northeast China

Based on continuous three-year measurements (from 2004 to 2007) of eddy covariance and related environmental factors, envi-ronmental controls on variation in soil respiration (R_s) during non-growing season were explored in a maize agroecosystem in Northeast China. Our results indicated that during non-growing seasons, daily Rs was 1.08–4.08 g CO2 m^–2 d^–1, and the lowest occurred in late November. The average R_s of non-growing season was 456.06 ± 20.01 g CO2 m^–2, accounting for 11% of the gross primary production (GPP) of the growing season. Additionally, at monthly scale, the lowest value of R_s appeared in January or February. From the beginning to the end of non-growing season, daily R_s tended to decrease first, and then increase to the highest. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between Rs and soil temperature at 10 cm depth when soil temperature was more than 0°C (P<0.001), with the explaining ratio of 38%–70%. When soil water content was more than 0.1 m³ m^–3, soil moisture at 10 cm depth was significantly parabolically correlated with R_s (P<0.001), explaining the rate of 18%–60%. Based on all the data of soil temperature of more than 0°C, a better model for R_s was established by coupling soil temperature and moisture, which could explain the rate of up to 53%–79%. Meanwhile, the standard error of regression estimation between the values of prediction and observation for R_s could reach 2.7%–11.8%. R_s in non-growing season can account for 22.4% of R_s in growing season, indicating that it plays a critical role in assessing the carbon budget in maize agroecosystem, Northeast China.     

Advances in the hyperlens

As a superlens to overcome the well-known diffraction limit, the hyperlens has received much attention due to its super resolving power and magnifying capabilities. In this article, we review the recent developments, including theoretical and experimental studies on the hyperlens. We also discuss its limitations and potential.     

大同落阵营农场土地开发整理复垦项目典型调查与评价报告

介绍了大同落阵营农场土地开发整理复垦项目区的基本情况和项目概况,分析了项目实施后的影响以及群众对项目的评价,从社会效益、生态效益和经验效益3个方面评价了项目实施的综合效益。     

微波消解一纳氏试剂分光光度法测定土壤中总氮

采用微波消解对土壤样品中的氮进行前处理,用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定总氮,发现微波消解最佳条件为：用2mL浓H2S0。和1mLHF,于0．2Mpa下保持3rain,0．5MPa下保持2min,0．7MPa下保持5rain;方法的检出限为0．0034mg／L,相对标准偏差RSD为6．7％,加标回收率为85．90％～114．5％,与半微量凯氏定氮法比较的相对误差为-1．16％。说明微波消解法消化土壤样品测定总氮,具有简便、快速、精密度与准确度较高等优点。     

腐殖土对活性污泥中重金属形态分布的影响

分别投加0,0.5,1,2,3和5g腐殖土(HS)于1000mL活性污泥中充分搅拌20d,采用Tessier五步提取法对其中锌、镍、铜、铅元素的形态分布进行分析研究,结果表明,投加腐殖土能明显改变活性污泥中重金属的形态分布.对锌元素,可交换离子态(F1)锌,碳酸盐结合态(F2)锌和铁锰氧化物结合态(F3)锌含量与HS投加量有显著负相关性(0.9266,0.9310,0.9144,置信度P0.01),硫化物及有机结合态(F4)含量与HS的投加量有显著的正相关性(0.9304,P0.01);对镍元素,F1镍和F2镍含量与HS的投加量具有显著的负相关性(0.9027,0.9724,P0.01),F4镍和残渣态(F5)镍含量与HS的投加量具有显著的正相关性(0.9188,0.9123,P0.01);对铜元素,F2铜含量与HS的投加量呈负相关性(0.7145,P0.05);对铅元素,F3铅和F4铅含量与HS投加量具有负相关性(0.7027,0.7635,P0.05),F5铅含量与HS投加量具有正相关性(0.7668,P0.05).投加腐殖土能明显降低活性污泥中锌,镍元素的潜在迁移能力.     

原状土地基石灰土路堤离心模型试验

对原状软土地基石灰土路堤进行了离心模型试验,分析了试验过程中拍摄的模型图片、位移计测得的路堤和地基表面位移,以及模型地基侧面的标记点位移等值线图.分析结果表明,原状软土地基上的石灰土路堤在2～4 m的堆载过程中由于地基不均匀沉降开始断裂;地基中最大水平位移增量Δδmax与路堤中心下地基沉降增量ΔS之比值在4～6 m的路堤堆载阶段发生突变,预示地基趋于失稳,这与离心模型试验观察结果及采用不排水剪指标的太沙基地基承载力计算结果一致;鉴于石灰土的脆性和低抗拉强度,在实际软土地基石灰土路堤工程中可采用低于2 m的低路堤形式,也可在石灰土路堤中采用加筋的方式来提高其整体性、抗拉强度和减小地基的不均匀沉降量.     

长板-短桩组合型复合地基固结特性试验

长板-短桩组合型复合地基是由长塑料排水板与短水泥土搅拌桩组成的新型复合地基,该工法不仅利用短桩提高浅部地基承载力,而且通过长塑料排水板加快深部饱和软土的排水固结过程.针对长板-短桩工法处理上海A15I级公路深厚软基的固结特性,开展了现场试验研究,通过试验段不同位置和深度的超孔隙水压力、沉降变形以及桩土压力等参数随时间变化的观测与分析总结发现:排水板的存在,可以有效提高深厚软粘土的固结速率;长板-短桩组合型复合地基通过排水固结快速地提高桩间土强度,发挥桩间土承载作用;长板-短桩工法利用施工期的预压完成了80%以上的固结沉降,从而实现减小工后沉降的目的.     

液化地基自由场振动台试验的土性参数识别

基于已进行的液化地基自由场振动台试验,利用参数识别技术对试验记录的土体加速度和孔隙水压力进行分析,研究了场地液化机理及土的动力特性.由自由场振动台试验的土体加速度记录求出土体的动剪切应力—应变曲线,并研究了土体的动剪切模量及阻尼特性随动剪切应变的变化关系.结果表明:利用参数识别技术识别的土的刚度与土动力性质试验获得的数据基本一致,而阻尼要高于土动力性质试验的结果;孔隙水压力增长对土的剪切波速有影响,会引起土的刚度降低.     

干旱区污染绿洲土壤中Cd和Zn形态分布与生物有效性

利用盆栽试验研究了干旱区污染绿洲土壤中Cd和Zn形态分布与生物有效性。结果表明:少量的Cd和Zn有促进油菜生长的作用,但高质量分数的Cd和Zn对油菜的生长有明显抑制作用;原状绿洲土壤中Cd和Zn形态以残渣态为主,随着绿洲土壤中Cd和Zn污染程度的加深,Cd和Zn各形态分布发生了显著变化,其中碳酸盐结合态Cd和Zn和铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和Zn质量分数大幅增加,并逐渐占据绝对优势,而残渣态Cd和Zn质量分数则几乎不变。相关分析表明土壤中的铁锰氧化物结合态Cd质量分数与油菜叶和根部的Cd质量分数呈极显著相关,表明土壤中的铁锰氧化物结合态Cd对油菜叶和根部累积Cd有最大贡献;铁锰氧化物结合态Zn和有机物结合态Zn分别与油菜根部和叶部的Zn质量分数呈极显著相关,表明土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态Zn和有机物结合态Zn分别对油菜根和叶部累积Zn贡献最大;油菜叶和根部Cd的富集系数均大于Zn的,表明油菜吸收Cd的能力大于Zn的;两种金属的富集系数叶部的均大于根部的,表明Cd和Zn的迁移性较强,且Cd在油菜中的迁移能力大于Zn的,其毒害作用也相应大于Zn的。两种金属主要累积在油菜可食用的叶部,因此对人体健康有潜在威胁。