The Application of Similarity Theory in Designing Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece

Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece (LDBSP) refers to the deformation of an end-fixed flat spring-piece under normal loadings. Plastic deformation usually appears in LDBSP.The static characteristic curve is very particular, because within its linear deflection region, the spring constant can be designed to be any value from minus to plus. With its obvious advantages of large liner deflection range, low spring constant, etc., the LDBSP has now been extensively applied to the exciting device, low-frequency shock absorbers and so on. The static characteristic curve of LDBSP belongs to the nonlinear problem of an arch with varying section. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain it theoretically. The formulae for designing LDBSP have not been set up yet. In this study,the authors apply similarity theory to analyze the liner deflection range A and the spring constant K, and derive the relationship of similarity criterion, finally obtain a set of formulae for designing LDBSP by model test and the least square method, which can be applied in engineering design.Through the research, it is proved that it is unnecessary to keep geometrical similarity of spring-piece shape. This fact extends the application scope of the formulae. The proposed formulae for designing LDBSP thereby can be applied for any dimensions within the range allowed.     

Some Problems of Rails For High-speed Railway of China

Acciording to running experience of high-speed railway abroad,a full attention must be paid to some requirements of specifica-tion of rails for high-speed railway,such as materil mechanical properties,rimension tolernces,straightness,surface flatness and so on.It is suggested that the long-length rails should be laid in high-speed railway,and the feasibility of producing,welding and transporting of long-length rails should be researched.On the basis of technical innovation of domestic manufacturers,it is practicable to lay 50-100mlong-length rails should be researched.On the basis of producing,welding and transporting of long-length homemade rails in high-speed railway of China.The following welding programme of rails for hiah-speed railway can be adiop-ted:50-100m long-lenath rails can be welded as 500m long rail string through flash butt welding in plant,then in field the reid string can be welded through a mobile flash butt welding or thermit welding.As the specification of rails or high-seed railway is rigorous.some related techniques to long-length rails should be researched and practised as soon as possible,including mobile flash butt welding tech-nique,transporting and reinforcing techniques of lon-length rails,etc…     

大麦发育模型的生理参数研究——不同光照长度对大麦生长发育的影响

对大麦品系进行光照处理,试验表明:14h和15h长光照能明显促进大麦的生长发育,提早出芒抽穗,而10h的短光照处理对于冬性和半冬性大麦品系不能正常抽穗成熟.     

四足机器人坡面质心调整方法

为了实现稳定的坡面运动,设计了小腿采用液压缸的四足机器人.基于对角小跑步态,提出一种通过改变机器人前腿小腿腿长和保持后腿小腿腿长不变来实现坡面质心调整的方法.以机器人质心在斜面的投影点落在支撑对角线交点处为判据,对该质心调整方法进行了稳定性分析,得到姿态调整的确定值.对零冲击复合摆线足端轨迹规划方法进行了改进,以减少四足机器人坡面上的足地接触冲击.利用Adams和Matlab对四足机器人坡面trot步态运动进行了联合仿真.仿真结果表明所提出的质心调整方法和足端轨迹规划方法能够实现机器人在20°坡面上的稳定行走.      

武鸣灵水岩溶泉的水环境变化及管理保护面临的新问题

【目的】以武鸣灵水岩溶泉为例,对调查研究灵水来源及环境地质问题所做的一系列工作进行总结,为其他地区的地下水开发利用和保护提供经验和参考。【方法】综合前期的地面调查、钻探、物探、水化学、水文监测以及示踪试验等多种技术手段,总结灵水岩溶泉的形成及水环境退化的原因和趋势。【结果】确定灵水的补给范围;灵水含水层以网状裂隙排泄为主,呈现集中径流带的特征;枯季灵水的水资源量明显减少;水文功能的弱化导致水生生态系统急剧退化。另外,灵水还面临有害微生物快速繁殖、地下水动力减弱引发河流倒灌更加频繁等亟待解决的问题。【结论】灵水研究的一系列工作既展示了成果,也成为岩溶水源地研究的典范。广西其他岩溶地下水的研究还停留在水质水量的调查评价阶段。建议以灵水为参考,从单纯的无机环境向有机生命环境过渡,以应对变化环境下岩溶地下水资源管理和保护所面临的挑战。     

早春类短命植物生物量研究（Ⅳ）--荷青花生物量及其模型构建

基于荷青花在药用、观赏以及森林生态系统养分循环等方面存在的价值,利用全株收获法采样,经分选、烘干、称重和数据统计后,获得了荷青花生物量及分配特征,并以其易测生长指标为自变量构建了总生物量的一元和多元线性回归方程.结果表明:荷青花群丛在营养生长停止期,各生长指标及生物量分配在个体间有较大差异,但平均丛高和根冠比变化较小;地下部分所支持的丛幅冠、丛株数和花果数等存在一定的供给限制,且这种限制与地下生物量间存在着显著或极显著的正相关关系.虽然荷青花生物量随各生长指标的变化存在不同程度的差异,但根冠比的变化差异均不显著,这在一定程度上印证了荷青花存在权衡有限光合资源分配的能力.荷青花生物量模型以多元线性回归的拟合结果较好,但考虑自变量过多带来的系统误差,生物量预估模型可选用以丛株数和花果数为自变量的拟合方程.     

河南鲁山五大温泉古细菌多样性分析

河南省平顶山市鲁山县有上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤等五大温泉,采用Illumina Hisiq2500PE250技术对鲁山五大温泉(上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤)古细菌的16S r DNA基因V4-5变异区序列进行测序,应用Uparse、Mothur、SILVA、MUSCLE和Qiime等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数量,分析物种的丰度和多样性.上汤、中汤、温汤、下汤和碱汤分别获得87 993、67 326、44400、48 611、48 495条有效reads,聚类为520、280、678、451、437个OUTs.古细菌分类分析表明,河南鲁山五大温泉的古细菌可以归入11个门,其中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)占95.25%,是优势菌群;在属分类阶元上,上汤、中汤和温汤的优势菌属为Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus; unidentified-Thaumarchaeota是下汤和碱汤的优势菌属.对河南鲁山五大温泉开展古细菌多样性的研究发现,温泉水中含有较高的参与氨氧化过程的奇古菌门,为后续深入研究和利用河南鲁山五大温泉水中的古细菌资源提供了基础资料.     

柔性双段腿的SLIP模型参数敏感性分析

为了反映腿部多段串联的多参数耦合特性,以SLIP(spring loaded inverted pendulum)模型为基础,建立了小腿含有串联线性伸缩弹簧的机器人柔性双段腿动力学模型。通过仿真分析其运动,获得柔性双段腿弹簧刚度、触地角度、虚拟腿长、膝关节角度、质量分布等参数的稳定域。通过对各个参数稳定域进行归一化处理和曲线拟合,获得参数稳定域变化曲线及参数敏感度排序。最后基于ADAMS与MATLAB联合仿真验证了柔性双段腿模型中参数敏感度排序的正确性。     

基于稳定函数的支撑结构系统临界力计算方法

基于稳定函数，给出了求解支撑结构系统临界力的计算方法，推导了不同荷载作用位置的3种双层支撑结构系统临界力的计算公式.结果表明:基于稳定函数的理论推导公式求出的解析解与二阶弹性分析数值解计算结果相近，误差均在3%以内;双层1~3跨带摇摆柱支撑结构系统总承载力理论值与试验值的结果验证了本文求解支撑结构系统临界力计算方法的准确性.基于稳定函数的支撑结构系统临界力计算方法具有普遍的适用性、较高的计算精度，为工程应用提供理论基础.