舟山海岛废弃采石场人工植被恢复

在矿山人工植被恢复过程中,人工植被恢复坡面植物的状况能很好的反应出工程的恢复效果.选取浙江舟山具有代表性的庆丰采石场为主要研究对象,对人工恢复坡面植物群落、周边原生植被以及土壤物理性质进行观察,研究表明,豆科及禾本科植物适合作为先锋物种进行早期人工恢复坡面的水土保持,且在群落中占据着主要的优势;在植被演替过程中,菊科及禾本科植物入侵明显,但是周围灌木、乔木的乡土种较难入侵;随着时间的进行,草本植物种类显著增加,群落多样性增加,坡面生态系统日趋稳定,其中坡中、坡下的植被恢复效果明显优于坡上;坡度对于植被恢复     

草灌植被护坡群落中草本对灌木生长的竞争关系研究

针对公路边坡植被恢复过程中,实生苗灌木在草灌混播群落中生长困难的问题,应用生态学实验方法,以灌木柠条为代表进行了草本-灌木混播竞争关系研究.结果表明:草本植物播种密度对灌木生长的影响主要是草本覆盖度形成速率与灌木生长速率之间的竞争;草本植物密度≤250株/m2时,灌木生长最好;草本植物对灌木高生长抑制作用最大的时间是播种后40 d左右,对灌木数目影响最大的时间是播种后60~75 d;草本植物对灌木竞争作用的表现是,初期导致灌木各项生长参数降低,后期导致灌木存活数目下降.     

中亚热带优势灌木根系对土壤抗剪切力的影响

在浙江南部的山体滑坡、泥石流易发区,对中亚热带常绿阔叶林中3种优势灌木植物(檵木、麂角杜鹃和香港黄檀)根系进行野外和室内剪切测试,探讨了灌木植物根系增强土壤抗剪切强度的作用。结果表明:须根相对丰富的植物能明显提高表层土壤的抗剪强度;根系抗拉力和抗剪力均与根径呈幂函数正相关关系;檵木和麂角杜鹃根系抗拉强度与根径呈幂函数负相关关系,而香港黄檀根系抗拉强度与根径无明显相关性;细根或比粗根更有利于土壤加固和抗剪强度的提高。     

退化喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中苔藓的先锋作用

在贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理试验示范区内采集苔藓植物样品,鉴别了主要苔藓种类,测定苔藓植物的持水性能,分析了苔藓、岩石接触面形成土壤的化学性质。结果表明：试验区内苔藓植物共有11科26属65种,以藓类植物为主;自然状态下苔藓植物含水率为36 %～898 %;新鲜苔藓持水率为2123 %～5159 %;苔藓、岩石接触面的土壤属于土壤养分分级的一级标准,各项养分指标亦明显高于对照样地。苔藓植物对喀斯特石漠生境有极强的适应性,是石漠化及其他退化生态系统进行人工生态恢复中理想的物种选择。     

Global vegetation change analysis based on MODIS data in recent twelve years①

Vegetation cover change is critical for understanding impacts and responses of vegetation to climate change. A study found that vegetation in the regions between 45°N-70°N was increasing using normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) from 1981 to 1991 ten years ago. The global vegetation growth has changed because of climate change in recent twelve years( 2001- 2012). After thorough analysis based on satellite data,it is found that it is evident that the global vegetation changed( NDVI) little,and it is increasing slightly in Northern hemisphere while it is decreasing slightly in Southern Hemisphere. For different latitudes,vegetation is increasing 0.17% every year from 60°N to 70 °N( R~2= 0.47,P 0.013),while the vegetation is decreasing 0.11% every year from 10°N to 10° S( R~2= 0.54,P 0.004). For different continents,the vegetation in South America is decreasing 0.16% every year( R~2= 0.78,P 0.0001) and it is increasing 0.05% every year in Asia( R~2= 0.28,P 0.072) and 0.25% every year in Oceania( R~2= 0.24,P 0.1). The analysis of global vegetation in different seasons indicates that spatial distribution of global temperature and water vapor will affect the spatial distribution of vegetation,in turn,the spatial distribution of vegetation will also regulate the global temperature and water vapor spatial distribution at large scale. The growth and distribution of vegetation are mainly caused by the orbit of the celestial bodies,and a big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system as its center is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatial-temporal variations of global vegetation and temperature at large scale. These findings promise a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.     

平茬更新代次对杞柳生长及柳条产量和质量的影响

选择淮河低湿地不同平茬更新代次的杞柳林分,对其生长情况及柳条产量、质量进行调查,并对平茬更新代次的影响进行评价。结果表明:0～4代杞柳林分在叶面积指数、柳条平均直径和长度以及生物量方面均不存在显著差异;1代林分柳条分化严重,整齐度低,细弱型柳条(D<0.4 cm)比例达44%,需要在栽培过程中加以人工调控;4代林分柳条的整齐度较高,但产条数量较0～2代林分低20%以上,并且粗大型柳条(D>0.8 cm)所占比例略高于其他代次,建议在生产中采用1年2次收获的方式以增加中细型柳条的产量。     

Vegetation effects on mean daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures over China

Changes in the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) surface air temperatures and the associated temperature extremes have severe consequences on human society and the natural environment. In this study, we assess vegetation effects on mean Tmax and Tmin over China by computing a vegetation feedback parameter using the satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and observed temperatures for the period 1982–2002. In all seasons, vegetation exerts a much stronger forcing on Tmax than on Tmin, and thus has a substantial effect on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over China. Significant positive feedbacks on Tmax and the DTR occupy many areas of China with the feedback parameters exceeding 1°C (0.1 NDVI)–1, while significant negative effects only appear over the summertime climatic and ecological transition zone of northern China and some other isolated areas. Also, the vegetation feedbacks are found to vary with season. In areas where significant feedbacks occur, vegetation contributes to typically 10%–30% of the total variances in Tmax, Tmin, and the DTR. These findings suggest that vegetation memory offers the potential for improving monthly-to-seasonal forecasting of Tmax and Tmin, and the associated temperature extremes over China. Meanwhile, the limitations and uncertainties of the study should be recognized.     

基于ArcEngine和VRML的森林景观可视化系统

讨论了一种构建森林景观可视化系统的新方法,基于三种数据源,即遥感影像数据、地形图数据、林相图数据,将地理信息系统的二次开发技术与VRML(虚拟现实模型语言)相结合,利用景观可视化技术构建并实现了森林景观的可视化,缩短了空间数据的输入和参数化过程,为空间数据的可视化提供了一条思路.     

九寨沟自然保护区种子植物区系组成分析

九寨沟种子植物(按恩格勒系统)已鉴定的植物有88科299属744种,其中裸子植物4科10属27种,被子植物84科289属717种.从生长型来看,乔木81种,灌木141种,藤木37种,草本485种.属的系数41.7.区系分区属泛北极植物区,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,横断山脉地区.属分布区类型温带215属,占83.65%;热带分布27属,占10.51%.地中海成分8属,占3.12%;全世界分布42属.国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物7种.植被组成中以冷杉、云杉、松等属的植物为优势种,阔叶树的优势种是杨柳科、桦木科、椴树科等.主要灌木有茶藨子、蔷薇、枸子、悬钧子、花揪、忍冬、杜鹃等植物.草本以菊科、禾本科、莎草科、毛茛科等植物为主.     

海南岛五指山的森林植被Ⅰ．五指山的森林植被类型

本部分仅对五指山森林植被类型进行科学的划分和描述。五指山森林植被自下而上可划分为热带低地雨林（海拔７００～１０００ｍ）、热带山地雨林（海拔１０００～１４００ｍ）、热带亚高山矮林（海拔１４００～１７００ｍ）、热带山顶灌丛（海拔１７００～１８６７ｍ）等４个原生植被类型，共１０个群系。