低真空对电渣重熔工艺和铸锭质量的影响

脱氧和夹杂物控制是电渣重熔钢锭质量提升的关键.分别在氩气保护的常压和低真空(10 kPa)条件下重熔H13电极,结合热力学计算,分析了低真空对电渣重熔工艺过程和铸锭质量的影响.结果表明,相比常压,低真空条件下渣池含气率升高,熔速波动更剧烈,所得电渣锭表面质量较差.常压和低真空条件制得电渣锭中总w_O分别为24×10^-6和18×10^-6,碳脱氧反应随压力降低而加强,并逐渐取代铝脱氧.相比Al-O平衡,10 kPa条件下与电极中w_C平衡的溶解w_O更低,因而能够进一步降低钢锭中w_O.碳脱氧产物是CO气体,不会引入新的夹杂物.常压和低真空条件制得电渣锭中夹杂物的类型没有明显区别,最大夹杂物尺寸从14.9μm分别减小到10.5μm和8.3μm,等效直径小于3μm的夹杂物检出比分别为63.85%和75.91%.低真空条件能够进一步细化夹杂物,提高钢锭洁净度.     

注浆法应用于局部非饱和黄土地基中的适用性

为了探明注浆法应用于黄土地区某既有高层建筑地基加固产生负面作用的原因,用以指导该建筑物进一步的加固工作。本文依托某建筑物纠偏工程讨论了注浆法在局部非饱和黄土地基中的适用性。现场监测了建筑物的沉降、倾斜以及地基土孔隙水压力指标,结合地质条件以及前期加固方案,分析了注浆后地基土承载力不升反降、建筑物沉降速率增大的原因。结果表明：注浆开始后,建筑物沉降速明显增大,且南侧高于北侧,随着施工的暂停和恢复,沉降速率随之减小和增大。最大沉降速率达2.05 mm·d-1,南北两侧最大沉降差达40.78 mm。孔隙水压力变化趋势与沉降速率类似,最大孔隙水压力达990.21 kPa。停止注浆后,地基南侧各处孔隙水压力有所降低,降幅约8.85%~45.56%。注浆使建筑物产生不均沉降的原因为,未凝结浆液中的水在注浆压力和较高的孔隙水压力作用下逐渐渗透到本就排水条件不良的地基土中,且由于地基内初始孔隙水压力及初始排水条件的差异,对地基产生了不均匀的影响,最终体现在建筑物不均匀沉降上。可见对于类似的排水条件不良且孔隙水压力过大的局部非饱和黄土地基,注浆加固前应采取打入排水板、泄压孔等措施消散孔隙水压力,然后再进行注浆施工。     

Sylvester矩阵方程的改进IO迭代算法

通过对Sylvester矩阵方程的理论分析,可知IO迭代算法中迭代矩阵的谱半径随内迭代次数的增大而减小,更新了IO迭代算法中内迭代次数的选择方法,并证明了该算法收敛性与初始矩阵无关。Sylvester矩阵在满足一些特定条件下,为了进一步提高收敛速度,可通过选择适当的相关参数,使得IO迭代算法有较好的收敛速度且比Smith算法的迭代次数明显减少。     

Thrombospondin co-localises with TGFβ and IGF-I in the extracellular matrix of human osteoblast-like cells and is modulated by 17β estradiol

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which is synthesised by several cell types including osteoblasts, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix (ECM) of these cells. The function and regulation of TSP in bone is not clear. In this study, using a long term culture model of human osteoblast-like cells, we examined the distribution of TSP in the ECM and its modulation by added estradiol. In this model the osteoblast-like cells form a regular multilayer which continues to increase in depth up to 50 days post confluence. In the ECM of these cultures and in 19-week fetal bone, the bone markers osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were diffusely distributed in the matrix. In contrast, labelling for TSP was concentrated, confined to the banded collagen and its immediately adjacent ECM. This pattern of labelling resembled that of the growth factors transforming growth factor-I (TGF), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), with which TSP label co-localised. Labelling intensities were comparable between fetal bone and the in vitro material for TSP, TGF and IGF-I. TSP label was present by 10 days post confluence, reached a maximum by 20 days, and declined slowly thereafter, a time course which was similar to that of IGF-I. Incubation of osteoblast-like cell cultures with 17 estradiol resulted in an increase in multilayer depth and a maximal 3-fold increase in TSP labeling at 30 days as well as approximately 2-fold increases for TGF and IGF-I. The dose-response relationship for these responses to estradiol treatment was biphasic with maximal increases at 10^–10 M–10^–11 M of added estradiol. Treatment with 17 estradiol produced labelling intensities that were not significantly different from controls. Studies with other cell types have suggested that TSP may be involved in modulation of growth factor activity. The similarities between TSP, TGF and IGF-I, in terms of their distribution and regulation by 17 estradiol treatment, may indicate a role for TSP in modulating bone cell proliferation and function through interaction with local growth factors.     

Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu发生与气象因子的相关性研究

福建省长汀县1988年至1997年历年黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai发生面积与历年主要气象因子变量相关性进行研究。结果表明,黄脊竹蝗发生与气象因子有密切的关系,黄脊竹蝗发生与10月、1月、7月及4月、5月、6月份的气温,与9月、11月及1月、7月、6月份的降雨量,与6月、3月、7月及9月、2月份的日照时数相关密切。其相关性研究对预测和防治竹蝗有一定的指导意义。     

人性与人性平衡初探

人性是由生存欲、占有欲、性爱、情爱、责任心、义务感、同情心、怜悯心、惰性等多种要素组成的。人性诸要素之间的关系是互相平衡与互相制约的。这种平衡与制约遵循着四大规律：第一,人性要素的不可缺失性;第二,人性总体和总趋势平衡;第三,人性某个或某些要素扩张有一个“度”;第四,人性平衡是由简单到复杂、由低级到高级、由个别到普遍的发展过程。     

解决我国城市生活垃圾问题的出路

对目前国内垃圾主要处理方法进行了评价,认为要从根本上解决我国城市生活垃圾问题必须建立健全垃圾减量与处理的双重机制。提出了“清洁生活”的概念,指出了城市生活垃圾的减量要建立在“清洁生活”战略指导思想的基础上;建立城市生活垃圾多级、低熵分选处理体系是符合我国国情的有效处理垃圾的最佳选择。     

偏微分方程网格生成技术中非线性系数的研究

网格生成技术是ＣＦＤ中极为关键的问题之一,偏微分方程数值网格生成技术是目前应用和研究最多的网格生成方法。本文应该各非线性系数对网格正交性和空间分布的影响进行了理论研究和数值验证。结果表明系数β具有控制网格正交性的作用,系数α和γ具有调节网格空间分布的作用,且其调节作用的强弱和α／γ的值有直接关系。     

双层结构8—羟基喹啉铝电致发光的有效载流子形成过程

报道了分子掺杂聚合物作为空穴传输层、８－羟基喹啉铝作为发光层的有机分子／聚合物双层结构的电致发光。着重指出在稳定发光之前有一个有效载流子形成过程。