不同生境下两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD比较研究

以不同自然生境下两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片为材料,分析了H2O2含量、MDA含量、质膜透性、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性及其同工酶．结果表明：紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片H2O2含量是绿色表型的2．48倍,而其MDA含量和质膜相对透性却显著低于后者．绿色表型盐地碱蓬POD活性显著高于紫红色表型盐地碱蓬,同工酶分析表明,紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD同工酶有6条带,即POD1、POD2、POD3、POD4、POD5、POD6,绿色表型盐地碱蓬叶片有5条同工酶条带,为POD1、POD2、POD3、POD4、POD5,POD1是两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片的主要同工酶,占POD总活性的60％以上．绿色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD1、POD2和POD3的活性分别为紫红色表型的1．39倍、4．11倍和3．21倍．这些结果表明,与绿色表型盐地碱蓬相比,紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD活性低,可能是其叶片积累更高H2O2原因．     

Reporter-based screen for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> mutants compromised in nonhost resistance

Plants are exposed to many potentially pathogenic microbes in the environment, but each species is only susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. The broad resistance is referred to as nonhost resistance. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance and the signaling transduction process. Here we describe a simple method for isolating Arabidopsis nonhost resistance mutants against a nonadapted bacterial pathogen. A RAP2.6 promoter-driven LUC reporter system was developed to replace the tedious bacterial growth assay during the primary screening. The RAP2.6-LUC reporter gene is normally induced by the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato but not the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv phaseolicola. By using this method we iso- lated 4 mutants displaying strong reporter activity in response to P. syringae pv phaseolicola, which were characterized in some details, ebsl, ebs2, ebs3, and ebs4 （enhanced bacterial susceptibility） were compromised in resistance against P. syringae pv phaseolicola and/or P. syringae pv tomato. In addition, ebs4 showed enhanced hypersensitive response to the incompatible bacterium P. syringae pv tomato （avrB）. These results demonstrated that the method is suited for large scale screening for nonhost resistance mutants.     

Delayed resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus mediated by 3’UTR-derived hairpin RNA

RNA silencing has been shown to function in the plant antivirus defense response, leading to viral RNA degradation induced by vsiRNA-containing RISC cleavage activity. Cucumber mosaic virus （CMV） 3′UTR sequences share a high conservation of nucleotide sequence and secondary structures that are important for CMV replication. Here, in an attempt to simultaneously target the multiple genomic and subgenomic RNAs of CMV for degradation, CMV 3′UTR were used to design hairpin RNA （hpRNA） to transform tobacco （Xanthi. nc） so as to constitutively produce viral siRNAs. Most of the transgenic plants expressing CMV Q strain （Q-CMV, subgroup Ⅱ strain） RNA3 3′UTR-derived hpRNA showed delayed resistance to Q-CMV infection and exhibited recovery phenotypes. Compared with Q-CMV-inoculated leaves, the upper leaves showed weak or no disease symptoms and a reduced accumulation level of viral RNAs. Together with transient assays, our results indicate that the 3′UTR-derived siRNAs were biologically active in targeting viral RNA for degradation. Recovery resistance in transgenic plants was also observed against subgroup IB strain SD-CMV infection, indicating a broad-spectrum anti-CMV effect of the 3′UTR-based antiviral silencing. Northern blot assays indicated that there was no strong correlation between the degree of resistance and the accumulation level of 3′UTR-derived siRNAs, suggesting that to target a highly structured RNA, such as the CMV 3′UTR, the quantity of siRNAs may not be the only determinant of silencing efficiency. Target RNA secondary structures may also affect target accessibility, siRNA-containing RISC-target recognition and the consequent antiviral effect.     

两种酯季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与表征

以异烟酸、长链脂肪醇和溴乙烷为原料,通过酰化、酯化和季铵化3步反应合成了2种异烟酸酯类季铵盐表面活性剂,用定性方法、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱鉴定了其结构,并表征了这2种表面活性剂的表面活性．结果表明：这2种表面活性剂均有一定的降低水表面张力的能力．     

粘质沙雷氏菌抗铜基因的克隆及性质研究

 通过构建粘质沙雷氏菌KMR-3菌株的基因组DNA文库,克隆到了与该菌的铜抗性相关的基因,并对其部分特性进行了研究.结果表明克隆到的铜抗性基因所编码的蛋白属于CutF蛋白,由194个氨基酸编码,与莫氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia mollaretii)ATCC43969抗铜脂蛋白NlpE同源性最高,达到70%,并对该基因的调控序列(启动子、终止子、SD序列及转录起始位点)进行了分析.     

黄河的综合治理方略

黄河是我国第二长河,为西北和华北地区提供了丰富的水资源、黄河灾害频繁,是世界上最难治理的河流．经过几千年的治理,黄河已经成了一条人工控制的河流．然而,黄河仍然面临侵蚀严重、河床不稳定、水体污染以及生态脆弱等诸多问题．笔者依据河流综合治理的原则,为达到“维持黄河健康生命”的目标,提出了控制沟道下切、增阻降速、建设通河湖泊湿地和控制点源污染等综合治理方略、     

山东地区引种的5种石楠属植物抗寒性比较

对引种到山东省济南市长清区、兖州市兴隆庄镇、临沂市罗庄区3个试验地的石楠(Photinia serrulata)、椤木石楠(P.davidsoniae)、红罗宾(P.xfraseri'Red Robin')、鲁宾斯(P.glabra var.Robens)、金红(P.xfraseri'Jin Hong')5种植物进行越冬期间植物外部形态冻害观察,并运用电导法进行抗寒能力的测定.结果表明,采用室内模拟自然界低温胁迫处理测试叶片的相对电导率,计算得出的各树种半致死温度(LT50)能定量地反映这些树种本身的抗寒能力高低,并且与越冬适应性观察结果基本相一致.济南市长清区和兖州市兴隆庄镇两试验地各树种抗寒力从强到弱依次为:鲁宾斯、红罗宾、金红、石楠、椤木石楠;而临沂市罗庄区试验地各树种抗寒力从强到弱依次为:红罗宾、鲁宾斯、金红、石楠、椤木石楠.     

化学镀Ni—P合金中复合稳定剂的优化研究

在合理选择化学镀Ni—P合金配方和工艺条件的前提下,采用正交试验研究了稳定剂KI、pb（Ac）2和Na2S2O3复合使周时对化学镀Ni—P合金镀液稳定性、镀速以及镀层硬度、孔隙率、耐蚀性等性能的影响变化规律。结果表明．各稳定剂之间有的相互促进,有的则相互削弱对方的作用。复合稳定剂对化学镀Ni—P合金综合性能的提高程度明显优于单稳定剂,最佳匹配的复合稳定剂KI与Pb（Ac）2的质量浓度分别为8mg／L和1．5mg／L。     

青海茶卡盐湖细菌Ab9发酵液的化学成分分析

基于茶卡盐湖淤泥中筛选出的细菌Ab9菌株,采用吸附色谱法、凝胶柱色谱法对菌株发酵液中的化学成份进行了提取分离并通过活性测试筛选出目标馏分。通过高效液相仪提取出目标馏分中的纯化合物,运用波谱技术分析确定化合物的化学结构。结果表明,经过试验得到7种化合物,分别鉴定为：1-甲基-4-仲丁基哌嗪-2,5-二酮,1-甲基-4-异丁基哌嗪-2,5-二酮,3-异丁基吡咯并哌嗪-2,5-二酮,3-甲苯吡咯并哌嗪-2,5-二酮,3-异丙基吡咯并哌嗪-2,5-二酮,3-仲丁基吡咯并哌嗪-2,5-二酮和吡咯并哌嗪-2,5-二酮。     

硒对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片渗透调节物质及生理指标的影响

以番茄为试验材料,对不同硒浓度对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片渗透调节物质及根系活力等生理指标的影响进行研究。结果表明:硒能够降低和缓解盐胁迫对番茄植株的伤害;表现出植株干重增加显著、根系活力强。脯氨酸,可溶性糖含量以及膜脂过氧化程度显著降低;施硒水平在0.025～0.1mmol.L-1范围内具有较好减轻盐胁迫对番茄幼苗的危害的作用,其中尤以0.05mmol.L-1处理的缓解效果最好。