多级热处理对TC21钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

Duplex-structured TC21 alloy samples were first solution-treated at a higher temperature in the α + β region (940°C) with furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC), followed by a second-stage solution treatment at a lower temperature in the α + β region (900°C), and then finally aged at 590°C. The effects of the morphology and quantity of α phases on the structure and properties of the TC21 alloy after the different heat treatments were analyzed. The in-situ tensile deformation process and crack propagation behavior were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantity of equiaxed α phases as well as the thickness of lamellar α phases reduced, the tensile strength increased firstly and then decreased, the elongation decreased with the increasing cooling rate after the first-stage solution treatment. The amount and size of lamellar α phases increased after the second-stage solution treatment because of sufficient diffusion of the alloying elements, thereby leading to increased tensile strength. The amount of dispersed α phases increased after the third-stage aging treatment owing to the increase in the nucleation rate, resulting in a noteworthy strengthening effect. After the third-stage aging treatment, the first-stage FC sample exhibited better mechanical properties because it contained more equiaxed α and β_trans phases than the first-stage AC and WC samples.     

放电等离子烧结及热处理制备的Fe/316L/430–Ti(C,N)复合材料的滑动磨损行为

A series of novel steel–Ti(C,N) composites was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and subsequent heat treatment. The hardness, indentation fracture resistance, and wear behaviour of the steel–Ti(C,N) composites were compared with those of the unreinforced samples, and their potentials were assessed by comparison with traditional cermet/hardmetal systems. The results showed that with the addition of 20wt% Ti(C,N), the wear rates of the newly examined composites reduced by a factor of about 2 to 4 and were comparable to those of cermets and hardmetals. The martensitic transformation of the steel matrix and the formation of in situ carbides induced by heat treatment enhanced the wear resistance. Although the presence of excessive in situ carbides improved the hardness, the low indentation fracture resistance (IFR) value resulted in brittle fracture, which in turn resulted in poor wear property. Moreover, the operative wear mechanisms were investigated. This study provides a practical and cost-effective approach to prepare steel–Ti(C,N) composites as potential wear-resistant materials.     

High-performance lithium–sulfur battery based on porous N-rich g-C3N4 nan-otubes via a self-template method

The commercial development of lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S) is severely limited by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LPSs) and the non-conductivity of sulfur. Herein, porous g-C3N4 nanotubes (PCNNTs) are synthesized via a self-template method and util-ized as an efficient sulfur host material. The one-dimensional PCNNTs have a high specific surface area (143.47 m2·g?1) and an abundance of macro-/mesopores, which could achieve a high sulfur loading rate of 74.7wt%. A Li–S battery bearing the PCNNTs/S composite as a cathode displays a low capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.5 C with an initial capacity of 704.8 mAh·g?1. PCNNTs with a tubular structure could alleviate the volume expansion caused by sulfur and lithium sulfide during charge/discharge cycling. High N contents could greatly enhance the adsorption capacity of the carbon nitride for LPSs. These synergistic effects contribute to the excellent cycling stability and rate performance of the PCNNTs/S composite electrode.     

曲线坐标下多孔材料模型特征值问题的二阶双尺度分析与计算

本文研究了一般曲线坐标系中具有拟周期孔洞结构的椭圆特征值问题. 通过坐标变换,本文在具有周期结构的曲线坐标系中重建了特征值方程. 然后利用二阶双尺度渐近展开方法给出了曲线坐标下特征值和对应特征函数的二阶双尺度渐近展开表达式. 并给出了相应的有限元计算方法,数值实验表明,二阶双尺度方法在解决复杂结构多孔材料模型特征值问题的有效性.     

岩石孔隙结构表征与流体输运可视化研究进展

孔隙结构特征的室内测试技术主要分为间接测试和直接测试两大类。前者主要以获取孔径分布等特征统计参数为主的流体注入法及孔隙流体饱和度的反分析法。后者主要为以获取孔隙结构图像为目的的光学辐射法。微观渗流物理实验可以实现孔隙空间中流体流动形态的可视化监测与分析，获取宏观条件下难以观测的实验现象，有助于孔隙尺度下渗流及驱替过程中复杂流动行为的微观力学机制分析。基于岩芯微观孔隙结构图像的模型重建是一种实现孔隙结构精细化表征与流体输运特性可视化研究的数值分析手段。基于不同的表征思想，多孔介质内流体输运控制方程可分为分子动力学模拟、格子玻尔兹曼模拟和计算流体动力学模拟。主要通过泊肃叶定律和准静态模型实现孔隙尺度流体流动和驱替过程的模拟。     

BP neural network based flexural strength prediction of open-porous Cu-Sn- Ti composites

Open-porous Cu-Sn-Ti composites are fabricated by the space holder sintering technique using carbamide particles as space-holder material. Generally, the mechanical properties of open-porous sintered composites, especially the flexural strength affect the machine tools wear significantly. In this paper, a back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA) was then employed to relate the composition parameters (pore size, porosity and concentration of molybdenum disulfide particles) to the flexural strength. Furthermore, a comparison of predicted and experimental results using GA-BP and PSOA-BP models was conducted and good prediction accuracy was obtained. The study showed that PSOA-BP models could achieve better prediction results in aspects of the higher convergence velocity, lower relative errors of the flexure strength utilizing GA-BP models. Finally, the high porosity and desired flexural strength were achieved by optimizing the input parameters of open-porous Cu-Sn-Ti composites.     

基于LabVIEW并行运算的优化算法及其在Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔中应用

提出了一种采用LabVIEW并行运算提高传统遗传算法计算速度的方法,可实现多核计算机多线程的同时运算,从而大幅度提高运算效率.Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔初始阶段拉拔速度路径优化结果表明,在八核计算机上采用基于LabVIEW的多线程并行运算程序,与基于文本编程的MATLAB运算程序相比,前者运算时间仅为后者的1/8左右.Ni--Ti合金线材无模拉拔实验结果表明,采用本文智能优化后的拉拔速度路径,可使线材直径波动长度缩短至24 mm,远小于线性或S线型路径的最小直径波动长度.     

TA2-Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织特征

借助光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射和扫描电子显微镜等测试技术和手段,系统地研究热处理温度对TA2--Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织转变的影响,并分析了其形成机理.结果表明:在热处理过程中,钢侧界面组织发生脱碳,形成完全由铁素体组织组成的脱碳层,这些铁素体没有织构特征;当热处理温度在850℃及以下时,钢侧界面组织在靠近波头漩涡的地方发生异常长大,形成粗大的铁素体;当热处理温度在900℃及以上时,钢侧界面组织在钛钢复合界面上发生异常长大,产生柱状的铁素体组织.这些组织的形成受到碳元素的扩散和钢侧基体组织相变的共同作用.热处理过程中,界面产生的TiC在界面上分布不均,随温度升高,在界面局部富集,从而加速了碳元素向界面的扩散.     

高温除尘用纤维多孔陶瓷材料的制备及性能

利用陶瓷纤维直径不同的特点,采用一步成形的方法制备具有梯度结构的纤维多孔陶瓷。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和金相显微镜对纤维多孔陶瓷的显微结构进行表征,并对影响材料性能的各种因素进行分析。结果表明:800℃烧成样品的抗折强度为6.7 MPa,气孔率最大达到76%,室温下空气流速为1 m/min时的过滤阻力为98 Pa,过滤阻力随着烧成温度的上升而逐渐下降。     

氢氧化钠刻蚀多孔氧化铝表面形貌与疏水性能相关关系

以多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为基材,用氢氧化钠溶液进行化学腐蚀,控制适当的条件,得到了不同形貌的AAO基氧化铝表面.采用氟硅烷修饰后,对其进行了接触角测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌表征.结果表明:刻蚀过程中,AAO膜多孔表面层及多孔本体层中孔壁较薄的部分首先被溶断,样品干燥过程中,在水的表面张力的作用下形成了沟壑状微米级狭长裂缝.当AAO膜本体层大部分孔壁被溶断后,就形成了氧化铝纳米线.在其自身重力及水的表面张力的作用下,氧化铝纳米线聚积成微米级簇状结构,从而形成蜂巢状微米纳米相结合的双尺度阶层结构.这种蜂巢状结构修饰氟硅烷后,其对水的静态接触角(151.7°)远远高于氟硅烷修饰的纳米孔洞结构表面(138.3°)和光滑表面(101°).