基于移动最小二乘法的轨迹拟合切线方位角计算

基于移动最小二乘法,提出了轨迹切线方位角算法.利用实测数据验证了算法的可行性,并对算法关键参数(紧支系数与权函数)的设置进行了讨论.结果表明:该方法简单易行,适用于形状弯曲较小的轨迹;移动最小二乘法中的紧支系数应满足计算的需求,但不宜过大;权函数能提高拟合精度,但对轨迹切线方位角的精度几乎没有影响.     

基于柔度曲率曲线拟合的薄板结构损伤识别研究

提出了基于柔度曲率多项式曲线拟合的损伤识别方法,并用该方法对薄板结构进行损伤研究。采用有限元软件ANSYS进行模态分析,得到损伤薄板的模态振型和固有频率,进而得到X方向和Y方向柔度曲率,然后分别在X方向和Y方向进行多项式曲线拟合。基于拟合值与原始值的差值构造新的损伤指标。数值算例的结果表明,基于柔度曲率多项式曲线拟合的方法相比仅采用柔度曲率矩阵的方法能够更好地进行平板损伤定位,同时相比柔度曲率差等需要结构损伤前后模态数据的损伤识别方法,该方法不需要用到结构损伤前的模态数据,可以运用于难以获得健康结构的模态振型数据的结构损伤识别中。     

支持向量回归在圆形检测中的应用

对圆形的识别是机器视觉中最基本和最重要的任务之一,为了准确确定复杂背景图像中圆的位置,提出了一种将支持向量回归模型与三点拟合圆联合起来的新算法,通过支持向量回归模型训练不同类型的圆形样本,得到超平面方程f(x),以f(x)为中心线,构建一个宽度为2ε的近似圆环型间隔带,在此间隔带上的点都被认为属于圆形边界上的点,然后运用三点拟合圆几何算法计算出圆心和半径,从而达到识别圆形的目的。实验结果表明,联合算法通过对训练样本的学习,能够在噪声比较大的背景图像中得到圆形的边界信息,从而确定圆的位置,较仅使用某一种圆形识别算法有一定的优势。在以圆形作为定位的机器视觉领域,具有重要的理论研究价值与实践意义。     

改进的局部扩展拟合图像分割方法

局部扩展拟合(RSF)模型可以有效解决灰度不均匀的图像分割问题,但传统的局部拓展拟合模型只考虑了图像上一点在其局部拓展区域内与零水平集相交的情况,易导致过分割现象.为此, 提出了一种改进的局部拓展拟合方法,即在RSF模型的基础上考虑图像上每一点在其扩展邻域内与零水平集不相交的情况,并重新定义了此情况下灰度能量的取值,使该点的内部灰度能量与外部灰度能量严格相等.实验结果表明所提方法有效解决了由初始化问题导致的过分割现象.     

A Flexible Functional Form Approach To Mortality Modeling: Do We Need Additional Cohort Dummies?

The increasing amount of attention paid to longevity risk and funding for old age has created the need for precise mortality models and accurate future mortality forecasts. Orthogonal polynomials have been widely used in technical fields and there have also been applications in mortality modeling. In this paper we adopt a flexible functional form approach using two‐dimensional Legendre orthogonal polynomials to fit and forecast mortality rates. Unlike some of the existing mortality models in the literature, the model we propose does not impose any restrictions on the age, time or cohort structure of the data and thus allows for different model designs for different countries' mortality experience. We conduct an empirical study using male mortality data from a range of developed countries and explore the possibility of using age–time effects to capture cohort effects in the underlying mortality data. It is found that, for some countries, cohort dummies still need to be incorporated into the model. Moreover, when comparing the proposed model with well‐known mortality models in the literature, we find that our model provides comparable fitting but with a much smaller number of parameters. Based on 5‐year‐ahead mortality forecasts, it can be concluded that the proposed model improves the overall accuracy of the future mortality projection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蒙特卡罗模拟质子与核-4型核乳胶作用的能程关系

采用蒙特卡罗SRIM程序模拟具有1ke V~14 Me V能量的质子在核-4乳胶中运动的能量沉积,将质子相对核乳胶面的入射角度分成了斜入射(最大角为30°)和正入射两类进行了讨论,同时采用最小二乘拟合方法导出了正入射时质子的射程-能量解析关系式,其误差小于1%.这些结论对一些实验的准备和数据处理具有一定的指导价值.     

2000-2010年长春市中心城区人口空间演变与扩张机制研究

分别以街道、社区为单位将长春市中心城区第五次、第六次普查数据通过ArcGIS软件导入城镇数据,对长春市中心城区人口分布现状进行分析,并通过MATLAB软件对十年以来长春市中心城区人口密度模型进行拟合分析.结果表明:2000年-2010年间长春市一直处于向南方发展的"圈层式扩张"的城市化,加幂指数模型能较完美拟合长春市人口空间变化.长春人口扩张既有历史、规划的原因,也有产业布局和轨道交通的原因.     

A Simple Linear Regression Approach to Modeling and Forecasting Mortality Rates

Observing that a sequence of negative logarithms of 1‐year survival probabilities displays a linear relationship with the sequence of corresponding terms with a time lag of a certain number of years, we propose a simple linear regression to model and forecast mortality rates. Our model assuming the linearity between two mortality sequences with a time lag each other does not need to formulate the time trends of mortality rates across ages for mortality prediction. Moreover, the parameters of our model for a given age depend on the mortality rates for that age only. Therefore, whether the span of the study ages with the age included is widened or shortened will not affect the results of mortality fitting and forecasting for that age. In the empirical testing, the regression results using the mortality data for the UK, USA and Japan show a satisfactory goodness of fit, which convinces us of the appropriateness of the linear assumption. Empirical illustrations further show that our model's performances of fitting and forecasting mortality rates are quite satisfactory compared with the existing well‐known mortality models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类区间不确定时滞系统超前/滞后补偿器设计

针对一类具有全极点的区间不确定时滞系统,给出了相位超前/滞后补偿器的一种图解鲁棒设计方法.对滞后因子采用一阶Pade近似,应用广义Kharitonov定理,证明了图解法设计出的相位超前/滞后补偿器可以镇定区间不确定近似系统.通过仿真验证了该补偿器亦可镇定原区间不确定时滞系统,并保持良好的系统性能.该种图解设计方法选择参数灵活,便于实际应用.     

汽车仪表指针三维定位压装系统研制

采用PLC和触摸屏作为控制核心，研制一套适应性强、经济性好、性能可靠、操作简便、生产精确度和效率较高的汽车仪表指针三维定位自动压装系统。通过整机测试与实际产品投入生产使用，取得了良好的效果，完全能满足当前汽车配件厂的生产要求。