Neuropeptides in pelvic afferent pathways

Summary Neurochemical and pharmacological experiments have raised the possibility that several neuropeptides including, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI), substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A, cholecystokinin (CCK) and opioid peptides may be transmitters in afferent pathways to the pelvic viscera. These substances are widely distributed in: 1) nerve fibers in the pelvic organs, 2) visceral afferent neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and 3) at sites of afferent termination in the spinal cord. Double, staining immunocytochemical techniques have shown that more than one peptide can be localized in individual visceral afferent neurons and that neuronal excitatory (VIP, substance P, CCK) and inhibitory peptides (leucine enkephalin) can coexist in the same afferent cell. Studies with the neurotoxin, capsaicin, indicate that peptidergic afferent pathways are, involved in the initiation of central autonomic reflexes as well as peripheral axon reflexes which modulate smooth muscle activity, facilitate transmission in automatic ganglia and trigger local inflammatory responses.     

蛙皮抗菌肽在低温肉制品中防腐作用研究

对蛙皮抗菌肽在低温火腿肠制品中的防腐作用进行研究,并比较了抗菌肽、山梨酸钾、乳酸链球菌素以及相关复合防腐剂的防腐效果.研究结果表明:抗菌肽添加量与低温火腿肠制品保质期呈正相关;抗菌肽对低温肉制品具有明显的抗菌活性,其抗菌活性低于山梨酸钾.     

花生肽的体外抗氧化活性研究

本文对花生肽的体外抗氧化活性进行了初步研究。在对DPPH自由基的清除能力测定中,随着浓度的增加,花生肽显示出越来越强的清除能力,并呈现良好的量效关系。在还原能力的实验中,花生肽的还原能力明显不如维生素C,但随着浓度的增加呈现一定的还原能力。抗脂质过氧化能力的测定研究表明,花生肽在0.2~6.4 mg/mL浓度范围内呈现较好的剂量依赖关系,对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化具有较好的抑制作用。     

Genetic control of hippocampal cholinergic and dynorphinergic mechanisms regulating novelty-induced exploratory behavior in house mice

Summary Neurobehavioral genetics endeavors to trace the pathways from genetic and eenvironmental determinants to neuroanatomical and neurophysiological systems and, thence, to behavior. Exploiting genetic variation as a tool, the behavioral sequelae of manipulating these neuronal systems by drugs and antisera are analyzed. Apart from research in rats, this paper deals mainly with the genetically-influenced regulation in mice of exploratory behaviors that are adaptive in novel surroundings and are hippocampally-mediated. Special attention is paid to neuropeptidergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic synaptic functions in the mouse hippocampus.The behaviorally different inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 show opposite reactions (reductions and increases, respectively, in exploration rates) to peripheral and intrahippocampal injections with agents that interfere with peptidergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission. These findings can be explained by an interdependent over-release of opioids, arrested GABA release, and excess acetylcholine in the hippocampal neuronal network of DBA/2 mice, as compared to C57BL/6 mice where these systems are functionally well balanced. Very similar results have been obtained with the lines SRH and SRL, derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2, and genetically selected for rearing behavior. Most probably, the opioids act to disinhibit exploratory responses. An additional genetic approach is mentioned, in which four inbred mouse strains and one derived heterogeneous stock are used for estimating genetic correlations between structural properties of the hippocampal mossy fibers and levels of hippocampal dynorphin B, on the one hand, and frequencies of exploratory responses to environmental novelty, on the other.     

New approaches to therapy of cancers of the stomach,colon and pancreas based on peptide analogs

Cancers of the stomach, colon and exocrine pancreas are major international health problems and result in more than a million deaths worldwide each year. The therapies for these malignancies must be improved. The effects of gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal peptides and endogenous growth factors on these cancers were reviewed. Some GI peptides, including gastrin and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) (mammalian bombesin), appear to be involved in the growth of neoplasms of the GI tract. Certain growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and epidermal growth factor and their receptors that regulate cell proliferation are also implicated in the development and progression of GI cancers. Experimental investigations on gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers with analogs of somatostatin, antagonists of bombesin/GRP, antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone as well as cytotoxic peptides that can be targeted to peptide receptors on tumors were summarized. Clinical trials on peptide analogs in patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers were reviewed and analyzed. It may be possible to develop new approaches to hormonal therapy of GI malignancies based on various peptide analogs.Received 20 November 2003; accepted 6 January 2004     

豆粕发酵适宜菌株筛选及其发酵技术研究

尝试了多株对畜禽有益的微生物菌株发酵豆粕的能力,在优化豆粕发酵技术参数基础上,对发酵前后的多项指标进行了对比,筛选出可用于豆粕发酵的优良微生物菌种,并对发酵后蛋白肽含量检测技术进行了初步研究.结果表明,豆粕发酵后大分子蛋白得到有效的降解,发酵产物中小分子蛋白肽显著增加,同时发酵产物中蛋白酶活性>200 U/g,益生素>109 CFU/g,为发酵豆粕的利用提供了实验依据.     

蛋白质酶促水解反应机理与动力学模型

研究蛋白质酶促水解制备生物活性多肽的反应机理与动力学行为，并建模表征不同反应机制的酶解曲线。基于对不同实验条件下反应时程特性的分析，以经典的米氏方程为理论基础，提出了同时考虑蛋白质单底物水解、蛋白酶失活以及底物或产物抑制因素的机理模型，并构建了指数形式动力学方程dh／dt=aexp（-bh），其中参数（a和b对于不同反应机理具有不同的表达形式和确定的数值结果，对于牛血清白蛋白（BSA）-胰蛋白酶（trypsin）模型体系，经实验拟合平均相对误差为4．73％，并求得该体系相应热力学和动力学常数：Km=0．0748g/L，Ks=7．961g/L，Kd=9．358min^-1，K2=38．439min^-1，Ea=64．826kJ／mol，Ed=80．031kJ／mol。所建整套模型可用于蛋白质酶解反应过程的模拟、热动力学常数的计算和生物反应器的优化设计。     

一株海洋真菌Trichoderma sp.Q98合成产物分析

海洋真菌Trichoderma sp.Q98菌株有4个新颖特征:菌丝产生天然红色素;菌丝产生饱和脂肪酸(1.44% 14:0;17.52% 16:0)及不饱和脂肪酸(2.9% 16:1 (△9),39.16% 18:2 (△8,11),37.12% 18:3 (△9,12,15));培养液含有2组多肽类物质(毛细管电泳迁移时间分别为5.2 min和10.6 min);培养液原液对多重耐药性菌株EN(3)23(Ap r, Cm r, Sm r, Tet r, Ery r)具有强烈抑制作用.     

家蝇蛹血淋巴抗菌活性的诱导及相关蛋白/多肽的表达规律

对家蝇蛹血淋巴的抗菌活性进行了诱导，并用统计学逐步回归的方法和多项式回归的方法确定了抗菌相关蛋白／多肽，研究了其表达规律。结果表明，针刺、带菌针刺和超声波均能诱导家蝇蛹产生抗G^ 球菌的物质，而对G^-杆菌无效。在分子量低于18000的蛋白／多肽中，有两种物质（R5、R6）对抑菌活性有显著影响，它们的表观分子量分别在12000和7650左右，这两种蛋白／多肽均在诱导下表达。其中，R6对抑菌活性有极显著正贡献，而R5对抑菌活性有显著负贡献，推测R5为细胞生长促进因子。     

僧帽牡蛎天然活性多肽BPO-1抗人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞活性研究

运用细胞生物学、生物化学等手段，观察鉴定分离提取的牡蛎天然活性肽BPO－1对人胃腺癌细胞的生物学效应。实验结果表明，BPO－1能有效抑制人胃腺癌BGC－823细胞增殖活动，细胞生长受到抑制，分裂指数下降，细胞周期检测出现凋亡峰。光镜观察显示经BPO－1处理后的BGC－823细胞失去原有的恶性表型，表现出明显不同于对照组细胞。与癌细胞诱导凋亡物相似的抗肿瘤效果。