Ordinary Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide and By-products Chlorite and Chlorate in Water

Acute toxicity and accumulated toxicity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and by-products chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorate (ClO3-) in water acted on mice are studied by the method of Horn and accumulation coefficient. Subchronic toxicity of the mixture of ClO2 and ClO2-and ClO3- in water acted on rat is studied though feeding test for 90 days, including statistical analysis of variance on weight gaining, food utilization efficiency,index of blood and serum,liver (or kidney) to body weight ratio, and histopathological examination on liver and kidney. The results show that aqueous solution of ClO2, NaClO2 and NaClO3 ( with the concentration of 276.5 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively) and the mixed aqueous solution of ClO2 with the concentration of 553 mg/L are actually non-poisonous , and non-cumulative aqueous solution as well.     

Optimal Dispatching of Large—scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method,is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water sup-ply systems.     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油田注水开发的调整与优化

根据鄂尔多斯盆地成功开发的主要特低渗油田——安塞、靖安、华池油田长6、长3油层的储层特征及开发实践,提出了改善特低渗油田注水开发效果的注采参数、注水方式优化及调整技术,从而达到提高单井产量及最终采收率,降低开发投资和生产成本,以提高整体开发效益的目的.     

基于GIS的山东沿海地区海水入侵灾害评价

以山东省沿海地区为评判单元，以各评判单元的参评因素数据为基础数据库，应用层次分析法给参评因素赋权重值，在Arc View GIS平台上，采用图层因素权重叠加法获得各评判单元海水入侵灾害综合危险性指数，求得各地海水入侵平均距离，从而实现山东省海水入侵灾害危险性区划。     

泉州山美水库水质分布特征与富营养化趋势

根据近年水质监测结果，着重研究山美水库库区及进水水质分布特征。评价和预测库区富营养化程度及变化趋势。结果表明：从入库、库区至出库的表层水体，除pH之外，DO、CODMn和BOD5浓度呈递减趋势，入库前后浓度降低尤其显著；而TN、N03^2--N和TP浓度除入库前后有所降低之外，其他呈递增趋势。现状水体富营养化水平为中营养；预测2010至2015年，水体富营养水平由中营养向中富营养状况过渡。     

悬浮填料床生物预处理黄浦江原水中试研究

采用一种新型悬浮填料对黄浦江原水进行生物接触氧化预处理中试研究 .对原水在自然条件下的工艺启动过程进行了分析 ,研究了几种不同工况条件下污染物去除效果 .在水力停留时间 1h、气水体积比 0 .5 6情况下 ,氨氮处理效率可达到 70 %～ 80 % ,CODMn去除效率可达 10 % .实践证明 :采用该悬浮填料的生物接触氧化工艺具有挂膜时间短、氨氮去除效率高、气水体积比小、传质效果好、占地面积小、运行方便以及不积泥等优点     

改变水分子簇的结构及诱发的生物效应研究

概述了水分子簇理论研究的基本状况,以及改变水分子团簇结构的4种方法,包括外加磁场、外加电场、激光辐射以及直接加热法;最后简要介绍了改变水分子团簇结构所诱发的生物效应.     

缓冲器在高层楼供水系统中减振降噪应用研究

将缓冲器应用于高楼供水系统进行减振降噪,完成了理论计算和实验研究,应用结果表明:合理设计和安装缓冲器能够减少管路振动,降低噪声。     

吸水剂造林刍议

论述了吸水剂造林国内外发展概况，吸水剂主要性能及吸水剂造林方法。应用吸水剂造林，可提高土壤的水分含量，保持土壤水分，改善土壤结构，促进土壤中的水、气、热等因子的进一步改善，有利于树木成活和生长发育，提高造林成效。