Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

直接键连C-X(X=H, C)的核自旋偶合常数的理论研究

利用建立的PM3级别上的最大重迭对称性分子轨道法和自然杂化轨道方法,计算了系列烃类化合物的杂化轨道和电荷分布,拟合出计算C-H及C-C偶合常数的简单关系式,研究了各种烃类分子中不同的C-Ｈ键和Ｃ-Ｃ键偶合常数,理论计算值和实验数据都较为吻合．进一步验证了直接键连1JCX(X=C, H)偶合常数主要取决于偶合作用中的Fermi接触相,为从简单价键理论角度解释和计算1JCH和1JCC提供了一种简便直观的方法．计算结果也表明提出的计算方法是可行的．     

核极化对K~-原子能级的修正

基于SIC-Xα的较为严格的计算方法,对Κ-Pb原子体系中的Rydberg电子态的交换参数采用自洽场模型,并考虑Rydberg电子与原子实间相互作用的影响.借助此方法计算核极化用以修正C.J.Batty光学模型势下的Κ-Pb能级跃迁,整个计算过程不依赖任何经验参数,结果比经典方法更为精确,为奇异原子的深入分析提供了理论参考.     

导数同步荧光法测定猪肉中强力霉素残留

在适当的条件下,强力霉素可与镁离子形成具有强荧光的络合物,在溴化十六烷基三甲铵胶束体系中,荧光可进一步增强.据此建立了一种测定强力霉素残留的新方法.在优化条件下,强力霉素线性范围为0.2～10 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.9%～3.9%,检出限为12μg/kg,加标回收率90.5%～107.3%.该方法已应用于猪肉强力...     

微波辅助预还原-HG-ICP-AES联用技术用于三七无机硒形态分析

建立了微波预还原-氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱联用技术测定中药三七提取液中无机硒的方法,对测定条件进行了优化选择,通过直接测定Se(IV)和微波辅助定量还原后测总硒,用差减法测得Se(VI)的量.Se(IV)的检出限为0.23 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为2.0％,回收率为82％～104％,结果较为满意.     

在建核电厂接地安装工程的质量控制探讨

在建核电厂接地系统安装工程的质量控制要以预防为主，要将以往只对质量的事后检查把关，转向对质量的事前控制、事中控制中．最后才是事后检查。唯有认真把好每一道工序、每一个环节质量关，才能保证整个工程的质量。     

Her X-1是中子星吗?

本文通过对Her X-1的X-ray观测结果和其他中子星X-ray时间变化特征和X-ray谱特征分析,对Her X-1是中子星提出质疑.并根据"电子-离子束缚态及其引发核过程"(简称:电子-离子束缚态)假说,时照太阳耀斑机制,认为Her X-1的辐射可能是它的伴星HZ-Her的耀斑.     

乏燃料后处理技术发展态势分析

以国际核信息系统(INIS)作为数据源,利用文献计量方法对1955-2012年间发表的后处理技术文献进行了统计分析。通过对国家、机构及时间的分布进行分析,发现世界后处理技术主要分布于美、日、法、德、英、印、俄7个国家,其中日本原子能研究开发机构、法国原子能委员会、德国卡尔斯鲁厄研究中心、美国橡树岭国家实验室、印度巴巴原子研究中心具有很强的研究实力。依据齐普夫定律.获得89个后处理技术文献的高频关键词。这些高频词揭示了后处理技术研究热点,即对PUREX流程进一步改进的水法流程和以高温化学流程、电解精炼、电冶金为主的干法流程。     

稳定核素线性7核素的分布

在坐标单位是氘氚结团的正方形核素图中分析了稳定核素区线性7核分布.稳定区的下、中、上区域中各有7列线性7核,这些核素列的分布具有系统性.跨区域的3类参量S-2H,3S-2H,3S-H的核素列各有3列的始点联系在坐标S轴上,这些点在S轴上排列成(10,0),(12,0),…,(26,0)的9个坐标.通过坐标变换可看出下区的系列7核素列随参量逐层分布.