Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

泵引起的液压系统振动分析

通过液压系统产生振动和噪音的振源及振动量传递的分析,开发了测定泵的振源特性的新方法,－２压力／２系统”法,介绍了用阻抗求解管内压力脉动的方法及通用仿真程序包,实验表明,仿真结果与实测结果一致。     

含信号调制噪声和频率波动的时滞分数阶振子的随机共振

本文研究了含信号调制噪声和频率波动的小时滞线性分数阶振子的随机共振. 利用分数阶Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换技巧,本文首先推导了系统响应的一阶稳态矩和稳态响应振幅增益（Output Amplitude Gain, OAG）的解析表达式,然后讨论了分数阶、时滞及噪声参数对OAG的影响. 结果显示,各参数对OAG的影响均呈现出非单调变化的特点,表明系统出现广义随机共振. 特别地,分数阶与时滞的协同作用可能诱导随机共振的多样化,这就为在一定范围内调控随机共振提供了可能.     

基于正弦信号调制的灵巧干扰技术

线性调频雷达在接收信号时采用脉冲压缩处理,使传统的压制式干扰在进入雷达接收机时无法获得脉冲压缩增益,从而造成干扰效果大幅下降。针对这一问题,建立了时域卷积调制的灵巧干扰信号的数学模型,根据这一模型设计了基于非完全正弦函数卷积调制的灵巧干扰信号,来实现对线性调频信号的干扰,对这一干扰信号的干扰效果进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:这一干扰信号可以产生假目标群来实现对一定距离单元的遮盖性干扰,并能利用脉冲压缩时旁瓣的非线性叠加覆盖真实目标回波,解决了卷积干扰信号滞后于真实目标回波的缺陷。     

推力对高速入水流场特性影响

采用商用CFD软件FLUENT 6.3,建立了求解带自然空化的水、气、汽三相流场,用UDF来解算并控制导弹运动,实现了考虑自然空化和弹体多自由度运动响应的高速入水非定常流场数值计算。多相流模型采用Mixture模型,湍流模型采用标准[WTBX]k-ε[WTBZ]模型,压力速度耦合方式和离散方法分别为SIMPLE和Standard,动网格更新方式采用Layering方式。内嵌的UDF可以实时输出弹体受力和运动参数。采用流场-弹道耦合算法数值模拟了回转体外形导弹以20°入水角入水时的高速入水流场,分析并获得了推力对入水空泡和自然空泡的产生、变化发展过程以及弹体流体动力的影响规律。     

垂直弹射系统弹射初始阶段内流场数值分析

针对燃气活塞弹射装置在垂直发射系统中的应用,采用计算流体软件Fluent的源项法,用UDF(用户自定义函数)编译来实现火药燃气的质量、动量、能量向高压室的注入,对弹射初始阶段高压室和低压室内燃气流场进行了数值分析,得出以下结论:高压室压力在破膜前快速上升,破膜后缓慢上升的趋势,在高压上下两端压力应力集中,低压室呈中间和两端压力应力集中现象,同时高压室形成的低速燃气经导管产生激波形成超声速燃气流撞击低压室,并分析了压力和速度对弹射装置的影响。计算结果表明,该方法能够较好地仿真弹射装置燃气流场的特性,为弹射装置优化设计和装药设计提供理论依据。     

直升机机场噪声评价方法

现有的机场噪声评价指标主要是针对固定翼飞机设计的,并不能很好地反映军用直升机噪声对机场周围目标的影响。首先分析了军用直升机机场噪声的特殊性,然后研究了现有机场噪声评价指标的内涵和联系,最后采用最大噪声级LAmax和加权等效连续感觉噪声级LWCEPN联合评价的方法对军用直升机机场噪声进行评价。该联合评价方法可以同时反映总噪声级与单次突发噪声的影响,能较为完备地对军用直升机场噪声进行评价。实测案例表明,此方法能更准确有效反映附近居民对噪声影响的感受。     

一种改进的树形矢量量化编码算法

矢量量化中的一个最严重的问题是在一本码本中搜索最近码字的高计算复杂度。本文在研究树形矢量量化的基础上提出了一种改进的树形矢量量化编码算法。实验结果表明,本文提出的编码算法相对于树形矢量量化算法可大大改善峰值信噪比（ＰＳＮＲ）。     

脉冲示踪法实验误差分析

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了脉冲示踪法中脉冲时间、示踪剂输入和记录仪记录时间差、示踪剂纯度与用量和实验温度对反应器内物料停留时间分布和流动模型参数测定误差的影响,以便在实验中采取相应措施减小或消除误差,获得准确的实验结果。