Isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃

The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000°C in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, andenergy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr2O3, (TiO2 + MnCr2O4)) and internal oxides (Al2O3,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000°C in experimental still air. The oxidation re-sistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr2O3 scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO2 rutile and MnCr2O4 spinel, and the growth of TiO2particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation oc-curred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phaseγ′ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the sur-face mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000°C for 80 h.     

应力梯形波加载下的循环蠕变曲线函数

为了确定循环蠕变应变与有载时间的函数关系式,通过对高温合金蠕变试验曲线的分析,发现静蠕变寿命分数曲线遵循与加载应力的大小无关,与循环蠕变寿命分数曲线基本重合的规律,这规律显示了材料本身的蠕变特性。由这规律导出了静蠕变应变与循环蠕变应变之间的关系式,找到了由静蠕变函数确定循环蠕变函数的方法,该方法得到了DZ417G高温合金钢在870oC、梯形应力波加载下蠕变实验数据的支持。     

12Cr1MoV/TP347H异种钢焊接接头时效过程中界面组织演变

The interfacial microstructure evolution of 12Cr1MoV/TP347H dissimilar steel welded joints with a nickel-based filler metal during aging was studied in detail to elucidate the mechanism of premature failures of this kind of joints. The results showed that not only a band of granular Cr₂₃C₆ carbides were formed along the fusion boundary in the ferritic steel during aging, but also a large number of granular or plate-like Cr₂₃C₆ carbides, which have a cube–cube orientation relationship with the matrix, were also precipitated on the weld metal side of the fusion boundary, making this zone be etched more easily than the other zone and become a dark etched band. Stacking faults were found in some Cr₂₃C₆ carbides. In the as-welded state, deformation twins were observed in the weld metal with a fully austenitic structure. The peak microhardness was shifted from the ferritic steel side to the weld metal side of the fusion boundary after aging and the peak value increased significantly. Based on the experimental results, a mechanism of premature failures of the joints was proposed.     

The Behavior of Inclusions during the Special Melting Processes of Superalloys

The behavior of nitride inclusions during the VIM, VAR and ESR processes of superalloys has been investigated. The experimental results have proved that the inclusions in the original metals, even if the pure TiN power added rapidly decompose at the superalloy liquid processing temperature and the nitrides in the remelted metals are mainly precipitated from solution during the sulidification process.     

熔铸盘疲劳蠕变交互作用第一类断裂特征图(疲劳蠕变交互作用之二)

本文目的是建立大型熔铸涡轮盘的疲劳蠕变交互作用下的第一类断裂特征图,为此先测定了恒最大应力下的高温疲劳蠕变断裂寿命曲线,称为FC—N_f曲线,它们既不同于纯疲劳的S—N曲线,又不同于纯蠕变断裂曲线,而是二者的综合。根据寿命对应力的不同依赖关系可以把曲线分成F、C与FC三区。根据断裂机构的理论分析与断口观察,又存在着五个不同断裂机构区。在宏观与微观分析相结合的基础上建立了第一类断裂特征图。它提供了关于断裂机构与寿命资料。据此讨论交互作用的几种特征。采用竞争模型与积累模型可以表示疲劳蠕变交互作用的本质。     

保载条件下的第一类疲劳蠕变断裂特征图——疲劳蠕变交互作用研究之三

本文在大型熔铸涡轮疲劳蠕变第一类断裂特征图基础上,进一步研究最大应力保载对疲劳蠕变断裂行为影响及在保载条件下的第一类断裂特征图,实验结果表明断裂周次随交变应力与平均应力变化呈现与无保载相同的,“反C”型规律。与无保载相比,保载显著地降低断裂周次,使断裂曲线向低寿命区移动。保载增大蠕变作用,使疲劳机构转变成蠕变机构,扩大蠕变为主的C区,缩小疲劳为主的F区,以至于保载足够长的时间,疲劳机构消失。在断裂机构理论分析与断口观察以及宏观寿命规律基础上建立在保载条件下的第一类断裂特征图,该图提供了保载下的宏观与微观资料。本文还讨论了保载时间对断裂时间影响的规律,以至竞争模与积累模型在保载条件下的适用性。     

GH105合金铸锭元素偏析和均匀化工艺

利用微观组织分析手段研究了GH105合金铸锭和均匀化后合金的显微组织和元素偏析情况,并从理论上对均匀化工艺进行了评价.结果表明:合金中偏析程度严重的元素为Ti和Mo;采用两段式扩散退火的均匀化工艺,可有效降低元素偏析程度;均匀化扩散动力学方程的计算结果与实验结果基本符合,在预测和评价GH105合金均匀化工艺上是可行的,但残余偏析指数模型表征均匀化过程存在一定误差.     

Interaction between crack and twins in TMS-82 superalloy during thermome chanical fatigue process

Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of a nickel base single crystal superalloy TMS-82 has been investigated.It was found that the micropores in the alloy tend to initiate large amounts of deformation twins and the crack causes many twins to occur during its propagation.It is postulated that these twins around the micropores or the crack are induced by the stress eld of the micropores or the crack tip,respectively.A thermodynamic model is adopted linking the twin formation energy with the stress eld around the crack tip,which explains the observed results with good consistency.The in uencing factors for a crack to stimulate twins around it are shown by the model,which might provide possible ways to enhance the alloy’s thermomechanical fatigue performance.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的反相热机械疲劳行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在600~900℃的反相位热机械疲劳行为,旨在探讨单晶合金的热疲劳变形及断裂机制,丰富单晶合金热机械疲劳理论。试验结果表明：当应变幅由0.6%增大至0.9%时,热机械疲劳寿命下降,塑性应变量和应力范围增大。合金的循环应力响应曲线在低温半周表现为循环硬化行为,而在高温半周则表现为循环软化行为。合金主要的变形特征是局部区域滑移带的运动。热机械疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面应力集中处,并沿着滑移带在{111}面向合金内部扩展,拉应力对合金的断裂起到了主导作用。     

人工神经网络在镍基高温合金设计中的应用

在大量镍基高温合金试验数据的基础上，利用人工神经网络来建立数学模型，提出将部分合金成分及其温度、应力和对应的蠕变断裂寿命作为网络输入，其他合金成分作为网络输出，然后用这个模型来按要求的性能设计合金成分的含量，获得了比较满意的结果，为镍基高温合金的设计提供了一种新的手段。