Cysteine Not Required for Catalytic Activity of Adenosine Deaminase

ＣｙｓｔｅｉｎｅＮｏｔＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｆｏｒＣａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆＡｄｅｎｏｓｉｎｅＤｅａｍｉｎａｓｅ＊ＣｈａｎｇＺｅｎｇｙｉ（昌增益），ＤａｖｉｄＫ．Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＋，ＲｏｄｎｅｙＥ．Ｋｅｌｅｍｓ＋，ＦｌｏｒａｎｔｅＡ．Ｑｕｉｏｃｈｏ...     

Identification of Caspasecleavage site in the apoptosis suppressor protein P49 from the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera littoralis</Emphasis> nucleopolyhedrovirus

The p49 gene from baculovirus Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SINPV) was able to suppress apoptosis of 5~9 cells induced by virus infection. Ectopically expressed P49 protein had the capacity to inhibit the activity of Caspases, being the executioner of apoptosis. Digestion of P49 with human Caspase or Bm-Caspase both yielded 10 and 40 kD fragments. Checking the sequence of P49, we found that the motif 91-TVTDG-95 of P49 was the sequence recognized by Caspases. The mutant of P49, Asp94Ala, could not be cut by both caspases and lost its caspases inhibition.Meanwhile, Thr91Ala mutant permitted the cleavage and partially retained its activity of caspases inhibition. We also found that P49 was a substrate of upstream initiator caspase and downstream effector Caspases, indicating that P49 was a broad specificity Caspase inhibitor.     

猪β干扰素基因17位丝氨酸突变体重组酵母表达载体的构建

根据猪β干扰素基因序列设计一对引物,并按酵母密码子的偏好性,在引物中对稀有密码子进行同义突变,即第3位的TAT基因突变为TAC,第7位的CGA基因突变为AGA,第164位的CGG基因突变为CGT。同时,利用聚合酶链式反应基因定点突变技术,把17位的半胱氨酸密码子TGT突变为丝氨酸密码子TCT,构建poIFNβSer17...     

复合诱变和原生质体融合选育S-腺苷甲硫氨酸酿酒酵母高产菌株

对生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）的酿酒酵母（S.cerevisiae）菌株R1进行复合诱变和原生质体融合。采用酶解法获得出发菌株S.cerevisiae R1的单倍体菌株hR10,对其进行UV和DES复合诱变,筛选出了4个单倍体正突变株DR1-3、NM14、NM39和NM45。制备了单倍体正突变株的原生质体,采用热灭活和UV灭活法灭活双亲原生质体,在聚乙二醇（PEG）的诱导下进行原生质体融合,筛选得到融合子F35,其生产 SAM的产量为22.5 mg/L,与出发菌株R1（11.1 mg/L）相比,提高了103%,并且能够稳定遗传。采用正交试验优化了F35发酵生产SAM的培养基和发酵时间,优化了的培养基配方为麦芽糖100 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,NH₄H₂PO₄4g/L,NH₄Cl₅g/L,MgSO₄0.1g/L,KH₂PO₄6 g/L,发酵时间为72h。     

离子注入水稻细胞学效应研究

以水稻品种紫粳二倍体和四倍体为实验材料,以低能氮离子束为诱变源,研究了离子束诱变对水稻根尖细胞染色体的影响.结果发现,低能离子束注入引起了水稻根尖分生区细胞有丝分裂异常,出现许多染色体畸变类型,包括后期染色体桥、落后染色体、染色体断片、中期染色体单价体等.染色体畸变率并不是随着剂量的增加呈现直线上升的趋势,而是有一定的...     

计算机辅助木糖还原酶定点突变的生物信息学分析

木糖还原酶（xylose reductase,XR）是木糖代谢生成乙醇途径中一个重要的酶,目前利用纤维素生成酒精的关键问题之一：木糖代谢过程中XR和木糖醇脱氢酶（xylitol dehydrogenase,XDH）的氧化还原不平衡。本研究借助生物信息学手段（酶三维结构建模、酶和辅酶分子对接）,充分分析数据库资源,找到了一些可能影响XR酶活性或辅酶依赖性的关键氨基酸。毕赤氏酵母XR与NADP之间有Lys21（K）、Val222（V）、Glu223（E）、Phe236（F）和Thr273（T）;毕赤氏酵母XR与NAD之间有Val222（V）、Glu223（E）、Phe236（F）、Glu237（E）和Thr273（T）;热带假丝酵母XR与NADP之间有Asn278（N）和Arg282（R）。对比两种辅酶与毕赤氏酵母XR形成氢键的氨基酸,如果使毕赤氏酵母XR只与辅酶NAD结合,则可以将Lys21替换成其它的氨基酸,因Lys21在所有XR序列中完全保守,需要进行氨基酸替代模拟计算预实验,在确保酶三维结构不变及NAD可以结合XR的前提条件下替代Lys21;如果使毕赤氏酵母XR只与辅酶NADP结合,则可以将Glu237（不完全保守）替换成其它的氨基酸。另外,还可以根据需要将这些形成氢键的氨基酸进行组合替代。要改变热带假丝酵母XR的NADP依赖性,可以替代Asn278（N）和/或Arg282（R）（不完全保守）。本研究为进一步酶的理性设计（提高活性及改变辅酶依赖性）并在分子水平上对木糖还原酶进行改造打下了基础。     

The role of β18-β19 loop structure in insecticidal activity of Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis

The β18-β19 loop in domain Ⅲ of Cry1Ac toxin is unique among Bacillus thuringlensis Cry proteins. In this study, the role of the loop structure in insecticidal activity of Cry1Ac toxin was investigated. Alanine scanning mutations within the loop were initially generated and most mutants were over-expressed and reduced toxicity at different degrees, except mutant N546A that showed almost 2 times enhanced toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Further mutagenic analysis of N546 revealed that a charged amino acid in this position would cause very unfavorable influence on insecticidal activity. In addition, the deletion of N546 led to protein instability because of destruction of the loop integrity. Besides, mutant W544F was much more toxic than W544Y, indicating that hydrophobic nature of the position was important for maintaining the stability and activity of Cry1Ac protein. These findings are the first biological evidence for a structural function of β18-β19 loop in insecticidal activity of the Cry1Ac toxin.     

T-DNA transfer and integration as a tool for insertional mutagenesis in the taxol-producing fungus

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA transformation method was applied to transform Nodulisporium sylviforme fusant HDF-68, a taxol-producing fungus. We constructed a binary vector pBI121-43 carrying a hygromycin-resistant gene cassette between the right and left borders of T-DNA. Optimal co-cultivation of N.sylviforme with A.tumefaciens containing pBI121-43 led to 110～130 hygromycin-resistant transformants per million conidia. Putative transformants were found to be mitotically stable. The molecular analysis of transformants demonstrated the random integration of single copy of the T-DNA into the host genome. This transformation system serves as a basic tool for insertional mutagenesis in N.sylviforme fusant HDF-68, and the development of such system lays a solid foundation for constructing high-yied gene engineering strain and clarifying taxol biosynthesis pathway in this fungus.     

AM1 computational study on metabolites of 1,3-butadiene interstrand cross-linking DNA

The alkylating reactions of 1,2-epoxy-3,4-butene (EB) and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) —the important metabolites of rodent carcinogenic 1,3-butadiene, with adenine and cytosine and interaction with fragment of DNA on major groove—have been computed. Results show that there are little differences in activation energy between EB and DEB, so it is difficult to explain the fact that the mutagenicity of DEB is greater (about 100-fold) than that of EB by the ability of alkylation. It is also known that DEB can interstrand cross-link with DNA through two times alkylating reactions, whereas EB cannot. So this may contribute to the significant different genotoxicity of the two agents. Meanwhile, DEB can interstrand cross-link with many sequences of DNA in major groove vs. two in minor groove, which increases opportunity of interstrand cross-link with DNA in major groove. This difference may be the reason of base selection of DEB mutation. The deformation of some cross-linked DNA may also contribute to this selection to some degree.     

花生四烯酸产生菌的原生质体诱变育种

采用化学诱变剂硫酸二乙酯(DES)对由高山被孢霉出发菌株M3-18制备的原生质体进行诱变育种.实验结果表明,采用体积分数为10%的DES诱变3min,可获得高产突变株M20,其花生四烯酸产量比对照株M3-18提高了4.4倍,而且突变株的继代遗传稳定.说明采用原生质体诱变育种是获得花生四烯酸高产菌株的有效方法.